日治時代旗山地區圓潭仔圳的農業水利角色探討

Discussion on the role of Yuantanzai agricultural irrigation in Qishan area during the Japanese occupation

本文旨在探討旗山地區圓潭仔圳的變遷與農業發展間的關係，藉由總督府檔案、統計資料、報章及有關文獻並輔以田野調查等，進行埤圳事業和產業的探討，冀能對日治時期旗山地區的水圳變遷與農業發展間的關係有更多瞭解。
研究結果認為，圓潭仔圳開發的時空變遷過程，清末由私人獨資開發與管理，幾經轉手成為官方書院的學產，因未積極投資改善水圳，終致無力修繕而逐漸荒廢。日本官方買收水圳業主權後，藉由公共埤圳相關法令納入公共埤圳組合，在國家的統制監督與經費挹注下，水圳得以重新改建，逐步擴大灌溉規模，再經由鹽水港製糖會社出資，擴增水圳規模至楠梓仙溪西岸的旗山地區，通過對水圳的掌控，以操縱米、糖的農業發展。隨著灌溉規模逐步擴張，灌溉對象由初期以稻作為主，轉變為稻、蔗三年輪作，最後形成稻、蔗與香蕉等不同作物的農業經營，圓潭仔圳為旗山地區締造了不同時期的產業與地區發展。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the changes of Yuantanzai irrigation system and the development of agriculture in Qishan area. By means of the archives of the Taiwan Governor-general's, statistical data, newspapers and related documents, and supplemented by field investigations, it conducts a discussion on the cause and industry of irrigation system. It is possible to have a better understanding of the relationship between the changes of irrigation system and agricultural development in the Qishan area during the Japanese occupation.
The results of the research show that the temporal and spacial changes of the development of of Yuantanzai irrigation system. It was developed and managed by a private proprietorship in the late Qing Dynasty. After the Japanese government bought the ownership of the irrigation system, and incorporated them into the public irrigation system through the relevant laws and regulations of the public irrigation system, under the control and supervision of the state and the injection of funds, the irrigation system were rebuilt and the scale of irrigation was gradually expanded. Finally, Sugar Refinery Co., Ltd. invested to expand the scale of the irrigation system to the Qishan area on the west bank of the Nanzixian stream. Through the control of irrigation system, it can control the agricultural development of rice and sugar. With the gradual expansion of the irrigation scale, the irrigation object changed from rice as the main crop in the initial stage to a three-year rotation of rice and sugarcane, and finally the agricultural management of different crops such as rice, sugarcane and bananas. Yuantanzai irrigation system created different periods of industry and regional development in Qishan area.