論稼軒詩詞同題異體之別

On the Distinctions Between Jiaxuan’s Poetry and Ci with the Same Theme and Different Form

辛棄疾作為南宋重要的豪放派詞家，對他的研究一直是古代文學研究領域的焦點之一。然其因詩詞現存數量差距較大，故更多學者多致力於稼軒詞的研究，對其詩作的關注相對較少。近年來隨著辛學的不斷深入發展，辛文和辛詩也得到了更多的關注，對辛詩的研究主要包括藝術風格、創作淵源以及與辛詞的比較方面。
在辛詩與辛詞的比較研究中，稼軒「詩不如詞」一直是研究稼軒的默認前提，近年來也有學者對其原由進行解釋，但多是引用古人評論，而較少從辛詩和辛詞文本本身出發。本文通過梳理稼軒詩詞，對稼軒同類題材問題選擇偏好，同題異體作品中情感差異進行比較分析，發現稼軒雖然認同「詩為正體」的觀念，但因為朝廷兩次大規模的戒詩運動，加上稼軒歸正人的身份以及其多次被彈劾的原因，不得不選擇以詞代詩，戒詩避謗。這樣的原因造成了稼軒詩的數量遠不及詞，也使得詞在稼軒筆下有了功能性的最大拓展與詞藝上的大幅提高。

As a key figure of the bold Ci poetry style in the Southern Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji has long been a focal point in the field of classical literature research. However, due to the significant disparity in the number of his surviving poems and Ci, most scholars have focused on the study of his Ci, with relatively less attention paid to his poetry. In recent years, as studies on Xin Qiji have deepened, there has been an increasing interest in his essays and poetry. Research into Xin Qiji’s poetry has primarily involved examining its artistic style, the origins of its composition, and comparing it with his Ci.
In the comparative study of Xin Qiji’s poetry and Ci, the assumption that ''his poetry is inferior to his Ci'' has long been a default premise in the research. In recent years, some scholars have attempted to explain the reasons behind this notion, but their explanations often cite ancient critiques rather than examining the texts of Xin Qiji’s poetry and Ci themselves. This article analyzes and compares the preferences for selecting similar themes in Jiaxuan's poetry, as well as the emotional differences between works of the same and different genres, it is found that although Jia Xuan agrees with the concept of ''poetry as the standard form'', due to the two large-scale anti poetry movements of the court, Jia Xuan's identity as a reformed person, and the reasons for his repeated impeachment, he had to choose to replace poetry with words and avoid slander. Due to these reasons, the number of poems written by Jia Xuan is far less than that of ci, which has greatly expanded the functionality and improved the art of ci under Jia Xuan's pen.