歷史記憶的斷裂與重構——以曾國歷史的書寫為例

The Fragmentation and Reconstruction of Historical Memory: An Example Based on the Historical Writing of the State of Zeng

層出不窮的考古發現為曾國歷史的重建提供了重要材料，也為研究歷史記憶的承傳、斷裂及重構提供了極佳視角。南土之曾在傳世文獻中「消失」，當主要是由史料記錄者的不同立場所造就。昭王南征之後曾國的歷史書寫發生中斷，以及春秋以來曾、楚兩國失敗的經歷也未在銅器銘文中體現，反映了銅器銘文記錄歷史的傾向。春秋時期的曾國銅器銘文著意於追述先祖事蹟，並在某種程度上重構了歷史記憶。曾國公室的族源記憶，同樣反映了春秋時期追溯遠祖的風氣。

The continuous archaeological discoveries have provided important materials for the reconstruction of the history of the State of Zeng, and offer an excellent perspective for studying the transmission, fragmentation, and reconstruction of historical memory. The“disappearance”of the Zeng State in traditional historical records was largely caused by the differing viewpoints of the recorders. Following King Zhao’s southern expedition, the historical narrative of the State of Zeng underwent a significant interruption. Additionally, the defeats suffered by both Zeng and Chu from the Spring and Autumn period onward are notably absent from bronze inscriptions, indicating a selective approach to historical documentation in these inscriptions. The bronze inscriptions of the Zeng State during the Spring and Autumn period were primarily aimed at recounting ancestral deeds, thereby contributing to the partial reconstruction of historical memory. The royal family’s genealogical memory similarly reflected the broader trend of tracing lineage back to distant ancestors, a common practice during this period.