探討周邊動脈阻塞中老年病人日常生活自我照顧能力之相關因素

Factors Related to the Ability for Self-care in Daily Living Among Middleaged and Older Patients with Peripheral Arterial Occlusion Disease

目的
本研究目的為探討周邊動脈阻塞中老年病人之日常生活自我照顧能力及其相關因素。
方法
本研究設計乃以病歷回溯性研究設計法以有周邊動脈阻塞診斷之大於或等於45歲病人的資料，收集資料包含：治療、檢驗，基本屬性、健康行為、疾病特性及用藥方式，資料擷取自2013年1月1日至2022年6月30日。
結果
研究結果共分析401位周邊動脈阻塞病人資料，平均年齡為72.3歲。研究發現，與日常生活自我照顧能力之顯著相關因素包含性別、教育程度、婚姻狀態、抽菸習慣、住院天數、Rutherford Categories分類、足部傷口、下肢截肢、血中白蛋白和總膽固醇濃度、收縮壓以及有無使用降血脂藥物。
結論
周邊動脈阻塞中老年病人的年齡越低、已婚狀態、住院天數越短、無吸菸習慣、教育程度越高、血中的血色素、白蛋白、總膽固醇和三酸甘油脂濃度越高、收縮壓越高、無下肢截肢情形以及有使用降血脂藥物者，其日常生活自我照顧能力較佳。本研究發現提供周邊動脈阻塞中老年病人針對可修正相關顯著因素之健康行為如抽菸、預防三高等，納入照護模式之參考，建議未來進一步進行相關措施介入之實驗性研究以驗證其成效。

Purposes
This study explored the capacity for self-care in daily activities among middle-aged and older patients diagnosed with peripheral arterial occlusion disease (PAOD) and its related factors.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records for patients aged 45 and older with a diagnosis of PAOD. Data on treatment, tests, basic attributes, health behaviors, disease characteristics, and medication methods from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2022 were retrieved.
Results
Our sample consisted of 401 patients with PAOD, with an average age of 72.3 years. Results showed that self-care ability was significantly influenced by various factors, including gender, education level, marital status, smoking status, hospitalization duration, Rutherford classification, presence of foot wounds, lower limb amputation, and levels of blood albumin and total cholesterol, as well as systolic blood pressure and the use of hypolipidemic agents.
Conclusions
Our analysis showed that patients with middle-aged, older and PAOD who were younger, married, experienced shorter hospital stays, were non-smokers, had higher educational attainment, and demonstrated elevated levels of hemoglobin, albumin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, along with higher systolic blood pressure, no history of lower limb amputation, and active use of hypolipidemic agents, exhibited better self-care capabilities. These findings offer insights into incorporating targeted health behaviors (e.g., smoking cessation, management of the‘triple H’-hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia) into care models for this demographic. Future experimental studies should investigate the effectiveness of such interventions to further validate our findings