高齡者家庭支持與休閒活動參與之關聯性

The Correlation Between Familial Support and Participation in Leisure Activities Among Senior Citizens

目的
本研究旨在探討65歲（含）以上高齡者家庭支持與休閒活動參與之關聯性。
方法
採橫斷面、問卷調查法，以彰化縣二水鄉社區關懷據點65歲（含）以上、能自理之高齡者為研究對象，通過研究倫理委員會後方才執行研究。共發放400份問卷，有效回收335份（83.75％），內容包含背景資料、休閒活動現況、家庭支持、休閒活動參與，採用SPSS25版進行統計檢定及典型相關分析。
結果
高齡者以女性、65-69歲、已婚、國小（含）以下、所得10,000元（含）以下、健康狀況還算好、有慢性病、無工作為最多。休閒活動從高到低依序為社交型、健身型、消遣型、學習型、嗜好型。家庭支持呈中上程度，從高到低依序為情感性、資訊性、實質性。休閒活動參與呈中上程度，從高到低依序為休閒參與、休閒阻礙、休閒頻率。性別、婚姻、年齡、教育程度、健康及工作狀況、每月所得、慢性病等在家庭支持及休閒活動參與呈顯著差異。感情性支持越高，則休閒參與、休閒頻率越高。
結論
家人可以多協助高齡者實質性支持，藉由彼此情感和訊息分享親密及真誠溝通，以增加其休閒參與活動。

Purposes
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between familial support and participation in leisure activities among senior citizens aged 65 or above.
Methods
A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted with senior citizens aged 65 years or older and capable of self-care at a community care center in Ershui Township, Changhua County, Taiwan. The study was conducted with the approval of Institutional Review Board. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed, and 335 valid questionnaires (83.75%) were collected. The questionnaires included items on background information, current situation of leisure activities, familial support, and participation in leisure activities. SPSS v.25 software was used for statistical validation and canonical-correlation analysis.
Results
The senior citizens included in the study were most likely to be female, aged 65-69 years, married, have an educational attainment of elementary school or below, earning no more than NT$10,000, in reasonably good health, have chronic illnesses, and unemployed. The categories of leisure activities were social, fitness-related, recreational, educational, and hobby-related, in descending order of frequency. Familial support was found to be moderate-to-high, with emotional, informational, and tangible support in descending order of frequency. Participation in leisure activities was found to be moderate-to-high, with participation, barriers, and frequency in descending order of frequency. There were significant differences in familial support and leisure activity participation based on sex, marital status, age, educational attainment, health status, employment status, monthly income, and chronic illness status. Higher levels of emotional support were associated with higher participation in and frequency of leisure activities.
Conclusions
Family members can provide more practical support to improve participation in leisure activities by senior citizens through intimate and sincere communication by sharing emotions and messages.