霧社事件後清流部落之土地取得與生計變遷：兼論周遭族群關係（1931-1980）

Alang Gluban after Musha Incident: Land Acquisition, Livelihood Changes and Relationship with Surrounding Ethnic Groups (1931-1980)

霧社事件起事六社餘生者，在1931年被遷至原漢交界的「川中島」合併為一社，即今南投縣仁愛鄉清流部落（Alang Gluban）。
本文從當代清流部落地景出發，透過口述訪談與檔案文獻蒐集，試圖補白部落現場較少被述說的故事。文中使用《臺灣總督府公文類纂》「豫約賣渡」相關文書，增補川中島土地流轉過程的細部環節，並聚焦於1931-1980年代部落主要生計經濟：水田稻作。霧社事件後，官方強制移住臺灣島內原住民、推行「水田稻作」，各地成效不一。川中島社一帶海拔較低、環境宜耕，且該地本闢有良田、鋪設水路，是改行「水田稻作」較成功的例子，但也因遠離霧社原生聚落、土地利用方式轉變，造成內部傳統文化斷裂。1970年代，清流部落作為第一個原住民保留地重劃示範區，改善耕作環境，然至1970-1980年代，單靠農業收入逐漸無法支應日常生活所需。重劃期間為籌措築田經費的外地工作經驗，開啟部分族人赴外謀職契機，而求學、工作等需求也使部分族人必須暫離或搬離部落。
從「川中島社」到「清流部落」五十年間土地、生計經濟變遷，呈現近代國家力量在20世紀初如何擾動臺灣島內各族群生活空間，以及原住民族被導向農耕民化後的縮影。

In 1931, survivors of the six tribes involved in the Musha Incident were relocated to Kawanakajima adjacent to the Han Chinese community, where they merged into a single tribe, now known as Alang Gluban, situated in Renai Township, Nantou County.
Taking the present-day Alang Gluban landscape as a starting point, this article aims to recount lesser-known stories about the tribal scenery based on oral interviews and historical records. In particular, the process of land transfer in Kawanakajima is illuminated by the Collection of the Official Documents of the Government-General of Taiwan, especially“sale on forward contract”transactions, which subsequently led to the transition to paddy rice cultivation as the tribe’s primary means of subsistence in the years 1931- 1980.
After the Musha Incident, the Taiwanese indigenous peoples were generally relocated by the government to engage in paddy rice farming, with outcomes varying from place to place. The case of Kawanakajima, thanks to its low altitude and arable location, not to mention the fertile fields and paved waterways left by the former inhabitants, provided a relatively successful example of land-use change to paddy rice cultivation. On the other hand, given its geographical distance from Musha and the change in land usage practices, the tribe’s schism with its traditional culture should not be overlooked. During the 1970s, Alang Gluban became the first indigenous reserve redistricted to showcase the optimization of agricultural environment. However, by the 1980s, income from agriculture was no longer sufficient to sustain the population. In the wake of some tribesmen’s experience of working off-site to raise funds for field improvements during redistricting, more opted to leave the tribe, either temporarily or permanently, to pursue education or earn their living.
From the Kawanakajima Tribe to today’s Alang Gluban, the changing land use and livelihoods of tribal members over the past 50 years shows how modern state power affected the living space of Taiwan’s ethnic groups in the early 20th century, and how the Taiwanese indigenous peoples were driven to switch from hunting to farming.