改裝負壓隔離病房的本土經驗與國際指引

Domestic Experiences and International Guidelines for Remodeling Negative-Pressure Isolation Rooms

COVID-19疫情期間，各國面臨急重症醫療資源短缺的挑戰，改裝準負壓隔離病房成為有效的應急措施。這類病房設計基於機械通風，能穩定提供適當的換氣率與排氣量，並輔以再循環過濾提升效率。輕症病房和重症病房建議換氣率，分別至少為6次和12次以上。同時，應確保氣流方向由清潔區流向污染區，並採用塑膠簾和縫隙吸入口等設計避免污染物擴散。針對排氣處理，建議在排氣系統中加裝高效濾網。本研究指出，改裝負壓隔離病房不僅能快速提升感染控制能力，還能有效緩解隔離病房的資源不足，對傳染病流行期間的應對具有重要意義。

During the COVID-19 pandemic, countries faced challenges of acute and critical care resource shortages, making the remodeling of quasi-negative-pressure isolation wards an effective emergency measure. These wards are designed based on mechanical ventilation, providing stable air exchange rates and ventilation volumes, supplemented by recirculation filtration to enhance efficiency. For mild and critical care wards, the recommended air exchange rates are at least 6 and 12 air changes per hour, respectively. Additionally, airflow direction should be maintained from clean to less clean areas, employing plastic curtains and slot suction inlets to prevent pollutant dispersion. For exhaust treatment, it is advised to integrate high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters into the exhaust system. This study highlights that remodeled negative-pressure isolation wards can not only rapidly enhance infection control capabilities but also effectively address the shortage of isolation resources during infectious disease outbreaks, demonstrating significant value in pandemic response.