中東歐國家的民粹主義與民主發展??波蘭與捷克

Populism and Democratic Development in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland and the Czech Republic

本文探討中東歐在後共時期的民主發展經驗，主要以波蘭及捷克個案作說明，特別是以公民社會發展的不足，以及加入歐盟的心理挫折等，來作為討論中東歐民粹主義盛行的因素。中東歐民粹思維大概源於新興民主發展路徑的受挫，東歐共產國家在後共的民主發展原有清晰的路徑圖，即是跟隨西方公民社會的指標前進，並在加入歐盟之後，不僅分享歐洲人權價值，也分享歐盟自由市場經濟的果實。然而每個後共國家的民主化都有其各自的歷史、社會文化遺緒，民主深化經驗各有不同，中東歐民主發展的這條路走來並不容易。

This paper would like to discuss the experience of democratic development in Central and Eastern Europe in the post-communist period, mainly using case studies of Poland and the Czech Republic, in particular, the shortcomings of civil society development and the psychological setbacks of accession to the European Union as factors contributing to the spread of populism in Central and Eastern Europe. The populist thinking of Central and Eastern Europe probably stems from frustration with the nascent path of democratic development, and the former communist countries of Eastern Europe have a clear road map for the development of post-communist democracy, that is, to follow the indicators of Western civil society and, after joining the EU, they will not only share European values of human rights, but also participate in the fruits of the EU’s free market economy. However, the democratization of each post-communist country has its own historical, social and cultural heritage, and the experience of deepening democracy is different, and the path of democratic development in Central and Eastern Europe is not easy.