從《列女傳》「不淫」身體觀論西漢的女色問題

The Harem Issue Exposed by the perspective of ''non-lascivious'' bodies in Lienuzuan

本文從女性身體作為政教議題的角度出發，說明劉向《列女傳》中「孽嬖」與「賢妃貞婦」分別對應著「性」與「偽」兩種身體形象。追溯《列女傳》中「賢妃貞婦」故事原型，劉向化用《戰國策》、《呂氏春秋》、《韓詩外傳》、《晏子春秋》等以事說理、納諫軼事的模式，配合《左傳》、《史記》之歷史脈絡，收錄「去淫冶」、「戒淫樂」、「禁淫欲」三類不具魅惑性的女性，強調她們在賢德、智才、貞節方面的表現，以此展現說服天子「戒淫」的用心。而賢妃貞婦史料的不足與匱乏，不僅彰顯「好德不好色」理想的空幻，更在毀形、禁慾身體中證成情欲的真實，同時暴露西漢女色問題的嚴重性。

Starting from the perspective of the female body as a political and religious issue, this article explains that the two images of ''evil mistress'' and ''virtuous concubine and chaste wife'' in Liu Xiang's Lienuzuan correspond to ''desire'' and ''constraint'' respectively. Examining the story origins of Liu Xiang's Lienuzuan, in order to illustrate the chaos and depravity brought about by the characters in ''孽嬖傳））, Liu Xiang absorbed ''Stratagems of the Warring戰國策））, ''Han Shi Wai韓詩外傳））, ''Yan Zi Chun晏子春秋））, etc. use the mode of reasoning and accepting advice stories, and match the historical context of ''Zuo左傳and ''史記to construct ''elimination of beauty'', ''abstinence from physical pleasure'', ''abstinence from sexual desire''. Three types of women who are not attractive, emphasizing their performance in virtue, intelligence, and chastity. Liu Xiang's account of virtuous concubines, chaste women, and non- lascivious bodies reflects the lack of historical data. It not only demonstrates the illusion of the ideal of ''loving virtue but not lust'', but also proves the reality of lust in the disfigured and abstinent bodies, and at the same time exposes the seriousness of the problem of female lust in the Western Han Dynasty.