競爭意識下的經典詮釋──魏校《大學指歸》與王陽明詮釋之比較

The Interpretation of Classics under the Competitive Consciousness: A Comparison of Wei Xiao's "Directions of The Da Xue " and Wang Yangming's Explanation

明正德至嘉靖年間，王陽明藉表彰《大學》古本發展其學說，帶動了《大學》的改本風潮。與陽明同時之魏校(莊渠，1483-1543)著《大學指歸》，提倡由「正六書」入手，徹底「復古」《大學》文本。主張以〈樂記〉補充格致說，修正朱子補傳中「格物」與「致知」所衍生內、外契接的問題。同時發明《大學》「知止」的概念，作為「見性」、「悟入」的工夫，以此回歸「人生而靜」的「至善」境界。魏校《大學指歸》在不悖朱注的立場上，藉經旨義理的發揮，落實矯正時弊、統一為學趨向的宗旨，承繼中有所轉化，影響明末之後的《大學》詮釋。由改本動機、內容旨趣，得以窺見在陽明學興盛之時，非同陣營的學者，如何在求變的時代氛圍中，重新審視、推進程朱學，冀以在經典詮釋上與新說抗衡。

Between the Zhengde(正德) and Jiajing(嘉靖) periods of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yang-ming's commendation of the ancient text of the Da Xue(大學), as well as the development and dissemination of his teachings, led to the prevalence of the trend of rewriting the Da Xue(大學). A scholar at the same time as Yang-ming, Wei Xiao (Zhuang Qu, 1483-1543), wrote a two-volume work entitled "Directions of The Da Xue "(大學指歸), which advocated the complete "restoration" of the text of the Da Xue , beginning with the "revision and correction of the six books(六經). He advocated the complete "restoration" of the text of the Da Xue , and the use of the "Yuet Ji " (樂記) as a supplement to the Ge Zhi(格致), and corrected the internal and external connection between Ge Wu(格物) and Zhi Zhi(致知) in Zhu Zi's supplement. At the same time, he invented the concept of "Zhi Zhi"(知止) in the Da Xue according to his own point of view, as the work of "seeing the nature"(見性) and "realizing the nature"(悟入), so as to return to the realm of " Extremely Good"(至善) of " peaceful before birth"(人生而靜). On the basis of Zhu's commentary, Wei Xiao's "Directions of The Da Xue" implemented the aim of correcting the current evils and unifying the trend of learning through the development of the meaning of the sutras, which was not contrary to Zhu's commentary, but was transformed in the course of inheritance, and influenced the shift in the center of gravity of the interpretation of the Da Xue . From the background of the book, the motivation of its rewriting, and the purpose of its content, we can see how scholars who are not in the camp of Yang-ming school, in the flourishing Yang-ming school, have re-examined and promoted the Cheng-Zhu school in the atmosphere of the era of change, hoping to compete with the new novel in terms of the interpretation of the classics.