理學範疇的《尚書》根據——以元儒陳櫟《書集傳纂疏》為中心的考察

The Basis of the Neo-Confucianism Concepts in the Shangshu: An Investigation on Shujizhuan Zuanshu Compiled by Chen Li

二程、朱子建構理學思想範疇體系的主要經典資源是《易傳》、「四書」，沒有全面注解《尚書》並充分吸收其理論資源。朱子晚年集解《尚書》及蔡沈撰《書集傳》雖意識到理學思想範疇與《尚書》之間的關係問題，已有所論說，但尚不明确。而至朱子後學理學反思階段，宋元真德秀、王應麟、陳櫟、陳普、王天與等注重理學範疇辨析，方明確反思並探求理學範疇的《尚書》根據。尤其是朱子三傳門人陳櫟所撰《書集傳纂疏》基於蔡沈《書集傳》、朱子《書》說，沿承真德秀、王應麟相關說法，指出傳統上認為出自《易傳》、「四書」的理學核心範疇「仁」、「誠」、「敬」存在《尚書》的來源和根據，源自道學傳統自身的範疇「天地之性」、「氣質之性」，其實《尚書》已蘊含其意，並結合《蔡傳》作深入闡論，能發朱子、蔡沈所未發。此為宋元學術史上的重要現象，與當時宋漢學風轉戾和理學思潮遷變存在深刻關聯，有其理學史、哲學史、儒學史的意義。

When Chengyi, Chenghao and Zhuxi construct the system of Neo-Confucianism, they mainly choose to interpret heart-mind theory and Confucian orthodoxy embodied in the16-character dispositions in Dayumo. The main intellectual resources for Chenghao, Chengyi and Zhuxi’s theoretical construction in Neo-Confucianism lie in the Yizhuan (The Appendices of the Book of Changes), Daxue, Lunyu, Mengzi and Zhongyong (“Four Books”), while the Shangshu is not comprehensively annotated and the theoretical resources in the book are not sufficiently absorbed. Although Zhuxi and Caishen are aware of the relation between the Shangshu and the Neo-Confucianism, and they try to explain the relation, while the relation is not clear enough. In the later period of Zhuxi’s philosophy (reflecting period of Neo-Confucianism), Zhen Dexiu, Wang Yinglin, Chenli, Chenpu, Wang Tianyu lay emphasis on Neo-Confucianism category, beginning to clearly rethink and explore the Neo-Confucianism basis from the perspective of the Shangshu. Chenli is Zhuxi’s third-generation disciple. His writing, Shujizhuan Zuanshu, especially points out that some key concepts like Ren (Benevolence), Cheng (Sincerity), Jing (Respect), which are thought to be derived from the Yizhuan and“Four Books”, can also be traced in the Shangshu. Besides, the distinction between Tiandizhixing (Nature of heaven and earth) and Qizhizhixing (Nature of temperament) can be found as a clue in the Shangshu since it contains a potentiality for the distinction. This is an important phenomenon in Song and Yuan academic history, indicating the changing between Song academy and Han academy as well as the transition for Confucianism trend. Chenli’s annotation is of value in the fields of Chinese philosophy, Neo-Confucianism as well as Confucianism.