三教融攝下《老子》的詮釋面向：以成玄英《老子義疏》道論為例說明

Interpreting Lao Tzu's Direction Under Fusion of Three Religions Taking Cheng,Xuan-ying's Lao Zi Yi Shu about Taoism as an example to illustrate

唐代的《老子》詮釋在儒、道、佛三教融攝下，豐富了《老子》的思想內容，開展了新的詮釋面向。成玄英《老子義疏》乃今存唐代最早、最完整的解《老》著作，其說正能體現「唐老子」的特色。本文以《老子義疏》道論為例展開說明，首先，從常道內涵與特色可見道性自然：成玄英常以一中之道、窮理盡性、重玄之道、三一之說等三教概念說明常道特性，均以自然為本。其次，常道呈現的境界為重玄之境：成玄英雖以佛教三界為有心執著、迷失常道之境，道教三清為無心去執、體悟常道之境，卻屬比喻說明，因其論道不離自然，且長生久視之道亦不重客觀養形、羽化成仙，故常道呈現境界為以自然為本的重玄之境。從成玄英《老子義疏》道論可以窺見，其說雖兼引三教內容詮解《老子》，然而仍屬道家思想脈絡。釐清《老子義疏》的儒、道、佛分際，有助了解唐代老子學面對三教融攝下如何吸收各家思想，開拓《老子》重玄思想的詮釋面向，在兼引各家思想同時，如何不失道家本懷而成一系統說法。

The interpretation of Laozi in the Tang Dynasty, under the integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, enriched the ideological content of Laozi and developed a new interpretation direction. Cheng Xuanying's Laozi Yishu is the most complete interpretation of Laozi in the Tang Dynasty. His statement can reflect the characteristics of Tang Laozi.This article takes the Taoism of Laozi Yishu as an example to illustrate. First, from the content of Changdao’s thoughts, it can be seen that the essence of Changdao is nature-based: Cheng Xuanying often uses yi zhong zhi dao, zhong xuan zhi dao, san yi zhi shuo and other Buddhist and Taoist concepts to explain the characteristics of Changdao, but they all use natural for this.Secondly, the realm presented by the permanent way is zhong xuan zhi jing: although Cheng Xuanying takes the Buddhist san jie as the state of being attached and lost in the normal way, and the Taoist san qing as the state of removing attachment and realizing the permanent way, it is only a metaphor to illustrate, because the way of discussing the way does not depart from nature, and Its chang sheng jiu shi zhi dao also does not focus on the objective cultivation of the body and become a god, so the realm of its constant path is zhong xuan zhi jing based on nature.From Cheng Xuanying's Laozi Yishu, we can see that although his statement also interprets Laozi by citing the contents of the three teachings, it still belongs to the context of Taoism. Clarifying the distinction between Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in Laozi Yishu will help to understand how Laozi learned from different schools of thought in the face of the integration of the three religions in the Tang Dynasty, opened up and interpreted the new face of Laozi, and cited various schools of thought. At the same time, how to form a systematic argument without losing the essence of Taoism.