| 中文摘要 |
肺炎鏈球菌是造成侵襲性肺炎鏈球菌疾病的重要致病原，多透過飛沫傳播，且主要影響5歲以下及65歲以上族群。臺灣自2007年起陸續開放接種23價、7價和13價肺炎鏈球菌疫苗，大幅降低了侵襲性肺炎鏈球菌疾病的總體發生率。然而，近年來在國內外均發現，常規接種疫苗後產生的流行血清型置換，美國食品與藥物管制局（Unities States Food and Drug Administration, FDA）因此於2021年，核准上市涵蓋更多種血清型保護力的15價及20價肺炎鏈球菌疫苗，我國衛生福利部食品藥物管理署也於2022年9月，通過15價疫苗的核准上市。本文係根據由美國疾病控制和預防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC）預防接種諮詢委員會（Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, ACIP），於2023年發行之最新成人肺炎鏈球菌疫苗施打指引，整理相關文獻，提供基層醫師肺炎鏈球菌感染之現況簡介，並針對新一代15價、20價肺炎鏈球菌疫苗的建議接種對象與時程加以介紹。 |
| 英文摘要 |
Streptococcus pneumonia, commonly known as pneumococcus, is a significant pathogen responsible for invasive pneumococcal diseases. It is often transmitted through respiratory droplets, primarily affecting children under 5 years old and the elderly above 65 years old. Since 2007, Taiwan has progressively introduced vaccination against pneumococcus, including the 23-valent, 7-valent, and 13-valent vaccines, leading to a substantial reduction in the overall incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases. However, in recent years, both domestically and internationally, there have been observations of serotype replacement following routine vaccination. To address this, the 15-valent and 20-valent pneumococcal vaccines, offering protection against a broader range of serotypes, were approved by Unites States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2021. 15-valent pneumococcal vaccine was also approved and became available in Taiwan in 2022. This article is based on the latest adult pneumococcal vaccination guidelines issued in 2023 by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. It compiles relevant literature to provide a brief overview of pneumococcal infections for primary care physicians. Additionally, it outlines recommendations for the target population and timing of administration for the 15-valent and 20-valent pneumococcal vaccines. |
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