以早期篩檢與運動因應肌少症對高齡者的威脅

人口結構高齡化已成為全球各國重視的議題，受到少子化及老年人口增加的影響，臺灣即將在2026年邁入超高齡社會，高齡者由於肌肉等身體功能下降，必須面臨身體老化所引起相關疾病的挑戰，肌少症是其中一項威脅高齡者健康的老年症候群，不僅會使高齡者衰弱、殘疾，甚至是造成死亡的潛在危險因素，因此，透過早期篩檢與運動來預防已刻不容緩。本文蒐集肌少症相關文獻，分別從盛行率、危險因子及對高齡者之影響切入，介紹篩檢流程與診斷標準，並針對阻力訓練及不同類型運動訓練對肌少症高齡者之影響進行探討。建議以亞洲AWGS的標準評估握力及五次坐站，篩檢出「可能肌少症」者，進一步增加肌肉質量與體能表現評估，以判定是否為肌少症。此外，利用阻力訓練及震動等不同訓練方式可改善肌少症高齡者的身體表現，企盼透過篩檢與運動介入，能協助高齡者因應肌少症的威脅。

The aging of the population structure has become an issue that countries around the world attach great importance to. Affected by the declining birth rate and the increase in the older population, Taiwan is about to enter a super-aged society in 2026. Due to the decline of muscle and other physical functions, the older adults must face the challenges of related diseases caused by physical aging. Sarcopenia was one of the geriatric syndromes that threatens the health of the older adults. It will not only make the older people weak, disabled, and even potentially cause death risk factors. Therefore, prevention through early screening and exercise was imperative. This article collects relevant literature on sarcopenia, starting from the prevalence, risk factors and impact on the older adults, introduces the screening process and diagnostic criteria, and discusses the impact of resistance training and different types of exercise training on the older adults with sarcopenia. It is recommended to use the Asian AWGS standard to evaluate grip strength and five times of sitting and standing, and to screen out ''possible sarcopenia'' patients, and further increase muscle mass and physical performance evaluation to determine whether it is sarcopenia. In addition, the use of different training methods such as resistance and vibration training can improve the physical performance of sarcopenic older people. It is hoped that through screening and exercise intervention, the older adults can be helped to cope with the threat of sarcopenia.