80年代中國農村知識青年「進城」故事探析──以《哦，香雪》、《人生》為例

本文以《哦，香雪》與《人生》這兩篇小說為例，探討80年代在中國小說中曾經廣泛出現的農村知識青年「進城」故事，提出該故事模式普遍具有「走出家園─進城歷險─回歸」的三段式結構，再依旅程中心靈成長與轉變的差異，將之分為兩類不同的農村知識青年群體：一類是以香雪為代表的「去城返鄉」派，他們在對比城市人際傾軋的殘酷與鄉村的淳樸之後，改變心境，重新以新的視角看待他們生長的地方，催生出自發的認同感和歸屬感，最終重新回到農村。另一類是以高加林為代表的「進城」派，他們在與城市的交流中改變心境，不再接受農村的生活方式和價值觀，於是他們內心在城鄉之間搖擺，在現實與理想中彷徨。最後本文參較80年代急劇變化的時代背景，探討兩篇小說中農村知識青年所展現對城鄉態度的異同及其原因。透過本文的解析，可使讀者對80年代中國農村知識青年的精神風貌有不同視角的詮釋與理解。

This article takes the two novels Oh, Xiangxue and Life as examples to explore the story of rural educated youth ''going to the city'' that once appeared widely in Chinese novels in the 1980s, and proposes that the story pattern generally has the characteristics of ''leaving home and entering the city''. The three-stage structure of ''Adventure-Return'', and based on the differences in spiritual growth and transformation during the journey, divides them into two different groups of rural educated youth: one is the ''go to the city and return to the hometown'' group represented by Xiangxue; After comparing the cruelty of interpersonal strife in the city with the simplicity of the countryside, they changed their minds and looked at the place where they grew up with a new perspective, which gave rise to a spontaneous sense of identity and belonging, and finally returned to the countryside. The other type is the ''urban'' faction represented by Gao Jialin. They change their mentality during their exchanges with the city and no longer accept the rural lifestyle and values. As a result, they are internally oscillating between urban and rural areas, between reality and ideals. In hesitation. Finally, this article compares the rapidly changing background of the 1980s to explore the similarities and differences in attitudes toward urban and rural areas shown by rural intellectual youths in the two novels and their reasons. Through the analysis of this article, readers can interpret and understand the spiritual outlook of China's rural educated youth in the 1980s from different perspectives.