新手爸爸的教養知能、親職壓力與心理健康之關聯探究

本研究主要目的在探討新手爸爸的教養知能、親職壓力與心理健康之關聯情形，採用問卷調查法，以新北市、桃園市及臺北市之托嬰中心的新手爸爸為研究對象，總共的有效問卷為393份，採用「教養知能量表」、「親職壓力量表」以及「心理健康連續量表」為研究工具，所得資料經敘述性統計、皮爾森積差相關以及階層迴歸統計分析等，研究發現新手爸爸的教養知能為「大部分具備」程度；在親職壓力顯示為「普通」程度；在心理健康連續量表的平均呈現為「每週約2至3天」程度。以皮爾森積差相關分析結果發現，新手爸爸的教養知能對「整體心理健康」呈現低度到中度顯著正相關；新手爸爸的親職壓力中「親子互動」、「生活調適」與「人際互動」壓力對「整體心理健康」呈現低度到中度顯著負相關。由迴歸分析發現，所有變項共可解釋27%的新手爸爸整體心理健康，其中新手爸爸在教養知能的「爸爸角色和自我照顧」與「溫暖、愛與回應」對整體心理健康具有顯著正向預測力；親職壓力的「人際互動壓力」對整體心理健康具有顯著負向預測力。最後依據研究結果提出建議供新手爸爸、企業與托育機構參考，並提供未來可進行的研究方向。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of parenting competence, parenting stress, and mental health among first-time fathers. The total of 393 valid questionnaires was obtained from first-time fathers in public and private childcare centers in New Taipei, Taoyuan, and Taipei cities. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson product correlations, and regression analyses. The overall average scores of first-time fathers' parenting competence tended to be ''mostly equipped''. Secondly, the overall average scores of parenting stress tended to be ''average''. Finally, the overall average scores in first-time fathers' mental health continuum short-form tended to be ''about 2 to 3 days per week''. The results of Pearson's correlation analyses revealed that the parenting competence among first-time fathers had significantly low to moderate positive relations with overall mental health and the subscales. Moreover, the parenting stress among first-time fathers in the categories of parent-child interaction, life adjustment, and interpersonal interaction stress had significantly low to moderate negative relations with overall mental health and the subscales. The results of the regression analyses indicated that all variables explained 27% variance of the overall mental health, among which ''father's role and self-care'' and ''warmth, love and responsiveness'' of parenting competence had significantly positive predictive power on overall mental health. Moreover, interpersonal stress of parenting stress had significantly negative predictive power on overall mental health. Based on the results, this study proposed the recommendations for first-time fathers and childcare centers, and the suggestions for future research directions were also provided.