以視覺工作記憶訓練幼兒收納認知能力之教具設計與評估

Design and Evaluation of a Teaching Aid for Training Children’s Cognitive Ability in Organizing Objects by Means of Visual Working Memory

收納能力是由動作技能及高層次認知能力組成，在訓練幼兒收納能力應依照發展程度給予適齡適才的學習工具。經由文獻了解，收納認知能力包含分類認知、歸納推理及空間能力，進一步發現訓練視覺工作記憶能力可以有效提升幼兒認知能力。故本研究目的為設計一款訓練視覺工作記憶能力教具，並評估本案視覺工作記憶能力訓練設計對於收納表現與認知能力（分類認知、歸納推理及空間能力）的影響。研究分三階段：第一階段透過文獻彙整影響幼兒收納能力構面並建立收納表現評估試題、收納認知能力試題；第二階段透過文獻彙整、內容分析、產品設計發展、產品測試及設計模型製作進行視覺工作記憶訓練教具設計。第三階段為透過問卷調查、實驗法了解本案訓練前後對於收納表現與收納認知能力的影響。研究結果針對視覺工作記憶教具提出以下設計要素：須具備多功能訊息處理任務、難易度分級、視覺記憶及建構性遊戲。本研究第三階段實驗結果了解，本設計案在3-4歲在幼兒主觀收納表現及客觀認知能力試題上皆沒有明顯成長，但在分類試題有明顯訓練效果；5-6歲有明顯的訓練效果，且在分類試題及歸納試題最為顯著。

Past research has indicated that visual working memory (VWM) training is conducive to the improvement of cognitive ability in children. The present study proposes a teaching aid for VWM training and goes on to evaluate its impact on children’s cognitive ability. A number of teaching aid design elements were derived from a thorough literature review, and the impact of VWM training on children’s cognitive ability in organizing objects were explored through experiments. The proposed VWM teaching aid features a multifunctional message processing task, a difficulty scale, and constructive games involving the use of VWM. Results show that participants in the“Age 3-4”group demonstrated significant increase in object sorting ability, despite showing no significant improvements in subjective object organization performance and objective cognitive ability. For the“Age 5-6”group, significant improvements were identified, particularly in their object sorting and inductive skills.