國際勞工組織工時政策理念演進及其借鑒

The Enlightenment and the Evolution of the Policy and the Concept of the Working Time of the International Labour Organization

國際勞工組織工時政策經歷了從縮減工時到靈活工時及至體面工時的三階段演進，近年來則呈現出縮短工時趨緩、重視靈活排班、注重社會對話等特徵。在工時規制理念上，國際勞工組織過往主要關注勞動者安全健康，側重傾斜保護勞動者權益，當代相對更為注重安全性與靈活性、公平性、效益性、勞動者尊嚴等多元目標的協調，強調平衡勞動關係各方主體利益。國際勞工組織在工時政策上的這些特徵及理念嬗變在一定程度上代表著世界工時制度的發展趨向。我國未來的工時立法應順應趨勢，契合社會需求，引入先進工時理念，關注工作生活衝突問題，著力規制非標準工時及例外情形，平衡勞動關係各方合法利益。

The development and evolution of the working time policy of the ILO has experienced three stages from reducing working hours to flexible working time and then to decent working time. In recent years, it has taken on the characteristics of shortening working hours, paying attention to flexible scheduling and social dialogues. Accordingly, the concept of ILO’s working time policy has also experienced a change from focusing on the safety and health of workers and continuously shortening working hours in the past to paying more attention to the conflict between workers’work and life and balancing the interests of workers, take flexible working-time arrangements, emphasizing social dialogue. Today, ILO is paying more attention to the coordination of multiple goals such as security, flexibility, fairness, efficiency, and worker dignity and the emphasis is placed on balancing the interests of all parties involved in labor relations. The evolution of these characteristics and ideas of the ILO in working hours policy represents the development trend of the world working hours system to a certain extent. China should comply with the trend, meet the social needs, introduce advanced working time concept, focus on work-life conflicts and strive to regulate non-standard working hours and exceptions and balance the legitimate interests of all parties to labor relation.