國家安全視角下國際知識產權治理規則的困境與重構

The Predicament and Reconstruction of International Intellectual Property Governance Rules from the Perspective of National Security

當前，國際知識產權多邊治理制度發展滯後，治理規則的正當性缺陷凸顯，雙邊及區域知識產權治理存在慣性缺陷與碎片化等安全困境。為回應知識產權領域的安全關切，有必要從國家安全視角探討國際知識產權治理規則重構。構建更公平合理安全的國際知識產權治理規則，基礎在於樹立共同安全的理念，核心在於關注科技變革背景下維護國家安全與促進技術競爭之間的平衡，而發展中國家能動作用則成為國際知識產權規則區域與雙邊主義趨勢下安全治理立場的錨定。面對激烈的國際科技競爭局勢，中國應在厘清自身知識產權安全利益的基礎上，從完善知識產權對外轉讓安全審查制度、推進知識產權法域外適用與管轄、促進知識產權全球交流合作等方面統籌國內與國際知識產權安全治理，恰當運用國家安全例外條款，制定適當平衡的因應之策。

Currently, many difficulties including the development lags of current international intellectual property multilateral governance rules, the legitimacy defects of multilateral intellectual property governance rules and the inertia defects and fragmentation of bilateral and regional intellectual property governance rules have existed. In order to respond to the increasing national security concerns in the field of intellectual property, it is urgent to reconstruct the international intellectual property governance order. From the perspective of national security, the reconstruction of international intellectual property governance rules is based on the establishment of the concept of common security, the main content of governance is to deal with the balance between maintaining national security and promoting technological competition in the context of the development of new technologies, and the developing countries’active role will become the anchor of the security governance under the bilateralism and regionalism trend of international intellectual property rules. In the face of fierce international scientific and technological competition, China should, on the basis of clarifying its own security interests, integrate domestic and international intellectual property rights security governance from the aspects of improving the security review system for foreign transfers of intellectual property rights, promoting the extraterritorial application and jurisdiction of intellectual property rights laws as well as developing global exchanges and cooperation. Besides, it is necessary to appropriately apply the national security exception clauses to build an appropriate and balanced solution.