域外管轄論綱

Outline of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction

近年來，域外管轄和域外適用問題成為中國統籌推進國內法治和涉外法治工作的重要議題，但學界對於域外管轄及有關概念尚存爭議，實務界在立法、執法和司法實踐中也呈現出不同理解。從本質上說，域外管轄權屬于國家管轄權範疇，是國家的固有權利。域外管轄指的是國家在本國領土範圍內針對境外的人、物或行為確立和行使管轄權，域外管轄包括域外適用，但不等於長臂管轄，也不能等同於經濟制裁。國家行使域外管轄權是國際關係中的正常現象，國家往往會在屬地管轄權的基礎上，依託相關連接點擴張域外管轄權，但這種擴張需要符合“真實合理聯繫”要求，否則便涉嫌違反國際法，損害國際社會正常秩序。

Extraterritorial Jurisdiction, which is becoming a critical topic in the Promotion of the Domestic Rule of Law and Foreign-related Rule of Law in a Coordinated Manner, remains controversial in connotations in both academic and practical areas. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction, referring to establishing and exercising jurisdiction by States in its territory over the persons, items or conduct abroad, is an inherent right of sovereign States. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction includes extraterritorial application, however, is not equal to long-arm jurisdiction and economic sanctions. It is common practices for sovereign States to expand their jurisdiction extraterritorially based on various territorial links, and such practices are consistent with international law if“genuine and reasonable link test”has been met.