中文摘要 |
本文主題為帝國與殖民的法制史。緣1492年航海家克里斯多福.哥倫布(Cristóbal Colón, 1451-1506)發現新大陸後,於焉正式揭開西班牙「黃金時代」(Siglo de Oro)序幕。自此西班牙積極擴張版圖,最終征服並統治與歐洲大陸截然不同文化的種族──即美洲原住民。然而,猶在茁長中的歐洲社會科學,尚不足以因應隨之而來的法律與政策等相關議題。西班牙思想家對於如何將美洲原住民轉化為帝國臣民的理論探討,即彼等是否為理性人暨其法律地位,以及統治正當性等問題,不斷思辨,值得吾人探究。本文以15至16世紀為斷代,歷舉卡薩斯(Bartoloméde las Casas, 1484-1566)、塞普爾維達(Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, 1490-1573)及維多利亞(Francesco de Vitoria, 1483-1546)等三位具代表性的先哲為例,比較見解異同,繼則闡發並釐清相關爭點,以及總結實踐不一的新大陸法律與習俗;按彼等所探討者,乃帝國權力邊界延伸至傳統疆域之外時,法律對於事務解釋力的更迭,當屬國際公法尚在啟蒙時期之制度史。本文期盼藉由梳理互有連結的各家論述,別開蹊徑,並帶給當代思潮相應啟示。 |
英文摘要 |
This study reviews the legal history of Spanish colonization in the Americas during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. By 1492, Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) had discovered the New World, thus ushering in the Spanish Golden Age (Siglo de Oro). While the Spanish empire assumed control over the so-called“Indias,”it faced unprecedented challenges in the realm of indigenous governance. Therefore, Spanish thinkers embarked on a sustained analysis of relevant issues in political, moral, and legal philosophy. This study examines the literary works of three important writers, namely Bartoloméde las Casas (1484-1566), Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda (1490-1573), and Francesco de Vitoria (1483-1546). These writings reveal shifts in legal understanding and interpretation as the imperial government extended political control beyond traditional boundaries. |