科舉應試與同光年間的鄉試制度：以金武祥為中心

Imperial Examination-taking and the Township Examination System in the Tongzhi and Guangxu Periods: Focusing on Jin Wuxiang

金武祥，字溎生，號粟香，生於清道光年間的江蘇文人世家，一生著述頗豐。不過在仕途上卻不斷受挫。他於晚年遠離科場與官場後，流連於文酒之中，並不斷有作品刊印行世，著述、編刻的作品均頗豐碩。與他來往者皆當時官場與文壇上的重要人物。
事實上，金武祥的鄉試應試歷程頗為複雜，他在同治、光緒年間參與多次鄉試考試的經歷，不只凸顯出科舉制度本身存在的問題，亦反映出當時科舉士子生活的部分面向。
然而，自金武祥謝世後，學界雖不乏論及金武祥生平的個人傳文，但在金武祥應試科舉的部分皆不夠完備。由金武祥親筆撰成的日記史料《粟香室日記》，於近年方由上海圖書館集結出版面世，吾人亦從中發現與金武祥相關之傳文，在科考次數、科考經歷的敘述上，和《粟香室日記》所載之內容，產生了不小的落差，故本文欲以金武祥為個案，透過清代的鄉試制度，欲以官方史料，重現他在同治、光緒年間的科舉考試歷程與脈絡。

Jin Wu-xiang was born in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. As a scholar from a literary family, he wrote a lot in his life. However, he continued to suffer setbacks in his official career. The diary ''Suxiangshi Diary'' written by Jin Wu-xiang was published in recent years. The current biography of Jin Wu-xiang and ''Suxiangshi Diary'' have a big gap in the description of the imperial examination system and examination experience. This article intends to take Jin Wu-xiang as focus of this study. Through the rural examination system of the Qing Dynasty and official historical materials, the process and context of the imperial examinations during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years will be reproduced.