論晚明吳應箕與張自烈的交游

A Study of the Friendship Between Wu Ying ji and Zhang Zi lie

吳應箕與張自烈為晚明復社人物，吳應箕於明亡後起兵抗清，兵敗而亡；張自烈於明亡後浪居四方，至康熙9年主講白鹿洞書院，康熙12年逝世。本文梳理二人交游狀況，透過分析吳、張文集，論證張自烈與吳應箕《樓山堂集》之關係，得出張氏出資但並未主導編輯《樓山堂集》之結論，但文集中亦刪去張自烈認為不應留存之文章。張自烈《芑山文集》不同版本內容差異較大，比較清初刻本與現今通行的豫章本，發現豫章本刪除張氏給吳應箕的文章原因有三：一、《樓山堂集》已刪除相關文章；二、為逝者諱；三、文章失去時代意義。豫章本多出3篇文章，皆是張自烈在順治10年後所撰。最後，吳、張二人時常聚會，如崇禎年間參加國門廣業之會、官員招兩人宴飲、至彼此居所聚會等。張自烈性格耿直，吳應箕樂其率真，喜與之交往。但張氏選文評論批駁太過，使他與艾南英因選文而有齟齬，吳應箕試圖調停，撰〈與艾千子書〉、〈與張爾公書〉、〈與萬茂先、陳士業書〉，但二人仍持續論戰。至艾氏死後，張自烈才刪除文集中相關篇章及文句語氣較強烈處。本文透過吳、張文集內容，論證張自烈與清初刻本《樓山堂集》之淵源、《芑山文集》清初刻本與豫章本收錄張氏致書吳應箕相關文章的不同處、吳應箕在張、艾選文論戰中的調停角色及二人交游的狀況。對吳、張二人生平研究、文集版本研究等方面，有所助益。

This article discusses the friendship between Wu Ying-ji and Zhang Zi-lie. They both joined a society called“FU SHE”in the late Ming Dynasty. Wu died for resisting the Qing army. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang wandered around the country. By analyzing their works, this paper demonstrates Zhang Zi-lie's influence on the early Qing Dynasty's engraving of“LOU SHAN TANG JI”. According to the letters which written by Zhang Zi-lie to Wu Ying-ji, it was found that several letters were deleted after comparing of different versions between the early Qing engraved version and the“Yu-zhang”version of“QI SHAN WEN JI”. Zhang Zi-lie has an enthusiastic personality and speaks outright, so he offended Ai Nan-ying. Zhang asked Wu Ying-ji to help in mediating with Ai. Wu wrote several letters to various individuals, such as“YU AI YI QIAN ZI SHU”,“YU ZHANG ER GONG SHU”,“YU WAN MAO XIAN CHEN SHI YE SHU”, in an attempt to help Zhang mediate the dispute. This paper helps researchers explore the lives of Wu Ying-ji and Zhang Zi-lie and the versions of their collected works.