書文同理，文藝互用──蘇軾文章作法論之建構探討

Calligraphy and Article Sharing the Same Philosophy, and Interchangeability between Literature and Art - The Evolution of Su Shi's Theories on Artistic Creation

蘇軾主張「各體互用」，甚至「文藝互用」，以為詩、文、書、畫四者有相通處，故其方法、技巧亦可互用，蘇軾真是傑出的「跨領域研究者」。本文試以蘇軾的書法理論，以還原其文章作法論。蘇軾以人體喻書體、字體，提出書法應當具神、氣、骨、肉、血，五者缺一不可，詩、詞、賦及文章亦然，故依據傳神、氣韻、章法、句法與修辭諸論闡釋蘇軾之文章作法論。傳神論，闡述文章須具備作者之神氣、精神，具有個人的生命力；氣韻論，論述文章須具備行氣自然、氣運流轉、情韻深長等特色；章法論，論述文章之篇章結構，如關鍵、虛實、賓主等；句法論，論述文章句法之駢散、長短等變化；修辭論，論述文章修辭之設色、聲響等。蘇軾主張「書文同理」，「文藝互用」，使其作法論更為具體詳實，亦促進其理論之精密性與完整性。

Su Shi advocated the ''interchangeability of various types of literature'' and even the ''interchangeability between literature and art.'' He believed that poetry, literature, calligraphy, and painting share something in common, so their methods and skills are also interchangeable. This study intends to restore Su Shi's article creation process theory based on his calligraphy theory. Su Shi used the human body as a metaphor for calligraphy and fonts, and suggested that calligraphy should be composed of spirit, energy, bone, flesh, and blood, all of which are indispensable, and these five parts can also be applied to poems, ci, fu, and articles. Therefore, this study interprets Su Shi's article creation process theory based on various theories, such as authenticity, artistic conception, art of composition, syntax, and rhetoric. The authenticity theory suggests that an article must reflect the demeanor, spirit, and personal vitality. The artistic conception theory suggests that an article must be characterized by the natural movement of qi, circulation of qi, and profound meanings. The art of composition theory focuses on the chapter structure of the article, such as the key, the virtual and the real, and the objects and the subjects. The syntax theory focuses on changes in the syntax of the article, such as prose and length. The rhetoric theory focuses on rhetorical coloring and sound. Su Shi argued that ''calligraphy and article share the same philosophy'' and there is ''interchangeability between literature and art,'' making his creation process theory more specific and detailed and also enhancing the precision and integrity of his theories.