近三十年私立高級中等學校教師任用與待遇制度變遷之探究

The Transition of Private High School Teachers’Appointment and Emolument over the Last Three Decades

我國私立高級中等學校於1970年代開始快速發展，1990年代後期達到顛峰，2000年以後學生人數被公立學校超越；但私校規模大幅萎縮是在2014年十二年國民基本教育實施以後，私校學生人數逐年減少導致學雜費收入大幅衰退，直接影響教師任用與待遇。本研究針對兩個不同時間的私立高級中等學校教師待遇調查結果進行比較，前者為私校快速發展的1989年，後者為規模萎縮的2019年，兩者恰好相距三十年。逐一對照私校教師任用與待遇項目的差異，本研究發現：（一）教師任用之資格、聘約、保險、員額編制、解聘與資遣程序，在三十年後法規已有規範，但是在聘期、差假、授課時數與超鐘點仍維持各校自訂；（二）教師待遇之起敘基準、敘定薪級、晉級、按月給付、年功薪、學歷改敘、各種補助、退休金、撫卹金、隨軍公教調薪等在三十年後法規已有規範，但是在學術研究加給、職務加給、年終獎金、考績獎金等仍由各校自訂，支給狀況甚至不及三十年前。建議教育主管機關制定教師待遇與保險相關法規應考量公私立學校辦學主體與財務結構差異、放寬補助私立高級中等學校教學人事費用、關注私校未取得合格證書教師之待遇狀況、及注意財務緊縮私校教師薪給支付實況。

The rise of private high schools could be traced back to the 1970s when nine-year compulsory education commenced in Taiwan. Private high school enrollment reached its summit in the late 1990s, and was surpassed by public high schools since 2000. The rapid downturn of private high schools, however, was the twelve-year basic education reform in 2014. Declining enrollment brought about reduced revenue from student tuition and fees, thus changed the appointment and emolument of private high school teachers. This study adopts data from two survey research results to compare the transition over the past three decades. The first survey was conducted in 1989 when private high schools were in rising trend, and the second survey was conducted in 2019when private high schools were in declining trend. After comparing the results of these two surveys, this study generates the following conclusions: The appointment of private high school teachers nowadays has been improved in qualification, contracting, insurance, dismissal, and laid-off, but their tenure, paid leave, staffing posts, teaching hours, and overtime pay remain the same as thirty years ago. The emolument of private high schools nowadays has been improved in starting salary, certified salary scale, promotion, monthly payment, longevity pay, academic promotion, grants, retirement pension, and synchronized raise with civil servant, but their academic allowance, duty allowance, annual bonus, performance bonus and merit pay has been worsened than thirty years ago. It is imperative to add personnel expenses clause into teacher emolument and insurance regulations, to subsidize private school teaching personnel expenses, to pay more attention to the appointment and emolument of uncertified private school teachers, and to monitor teacher appointment and emolument in those private high schools under financial austerity.