高齡藝術參與對生理與心理健康促進之探討

Exploration of the Promotion of Physical and Mental Health in the Elderly Through Art Participation

據聯合國《2022年世界人口展望》，全球人口預計將於2022年超過80億，到2050年達到97億，最終在2080年代達到約104億的峰值。全球平均預期壽命正在增長，到2050年將達到77.2歲，全球人口高齡化是最顯著的趨勢之一，到2050年，世界上每六人中就有一人將超過65歲。老化是一個不可避免的生命過程，隨著歲月流逝，人們的身體和心靈都會經歷各種變化。
高齡者的需求可以從多個層面來理解，包括生理、心理、社會和環境方面，這些需求彼此相互關聯，共同影響高齡者的整體健康、福祉和生活品質。相關研究表明，藝術作為一種媒介，有助於高齡者身心健康的正向發展，參與藝術活動也使高齡者感到愉悅與幸福，並改善其生活品質。藝術參與的益處包括改善身心健康、增強社會資本、減少孤獨感、發展認知儲備、減少久坐行為以及減少冒險行為等方面。
本研究以相關研究資料與文獻回顧，分析綜整與歸納國外推動高齡與健康相關的調查研究報告。最後以藝術參與對高齡者身心健康影響的重要結論，提出在臺灣如何以藝術參與推促高齡者生理與心理健康之未來研究與政策建議。

According to the United Nations“World Population Prospects 2022”, the global population is expected to surpass 8 billion in 2022, reaching 9.7 billion by 2050, and ultimately peaking at around 10.4 billion in the 2080s. The global average life expectancy is on the rise, projected to reach 77.2 years by 2050. One of the most significant trends is the aging of the global population, with one in every six individuals projected to be over the age of 65 by 2050. Aging is an inevitable process of life, encompassing various changes in both the body and mind as time progresses.
The needs of the elderly can be understood from multiple dimensions, including physiological, psychological, social, and environmental aspects. These needs are interrelated and collectively impact the overall health, well-being, and quality of life of the elderly. Research indicates that art, as a medium, contributes positively to the physical and mental health of the elderly. Participation in artistic activities brings pleasure and happiness to the elderly, improving their quality of life. The benefits of art participation include enhanced physical and mental health, strengthened social capital, reduced feelings of loneliness, development of cognitive reserves, decreased sedentary behaviors, and reduction of risky behaviors.
This study reviews literature and analyzes international research and survey cases related to aging and health. It concludes with the significant impact of art participation on the physical and mental health of the elderly and proposes future research and policy recommendations for promoting the physical and psychological health of the elderly in Taiwan through art participation.