製造奇異親族：從黑人女性主義觀點分析巴特勒《野種》中的肉身倫理與酷兒親屬

Making Oddkins: An Analysis of an Ethic of the Flesh and Queer Kinship in Octavia E. Butler’s Wild Seed from the Perspective of Black Feminist Thought

本文從黑人女性主義觀點分析非裔美籍科幻小說家巴特勒（1947-2006）的《野種》（1980），探討黑色幻設如何想像另類親族與歸屬，甚至發展出另類人文主義。論文先從奴隸制是如何製造出各式各樣的肉身奇觀開始談起，進而點出公領域的權力宰制、殖民治理、或產生出的所謂的（白）人本價值，是如何藉著蒙蔽私領域見不得人的（跨種族）親密（包括慾望、生殖、性、繁衍），才可建立起其所謂的普世性與合法性。啟發自黑人女性主義、有色酷兒研究及黑人後人類理論的對西方白人理性主義定義中「人」概念的批判，本文揭示《野種》如何巧妙地融合了黑人研究的批判性與科幻想像的烏托邦指涉，解殖西方傳統中對「人」的階序性編碼，並探詢小說中的種族化逃逸路線如何橫向開展出一種具有後人類意識的倫理學，且體現出一種強調碎裂、開放且不斷生成的共生共棲的奇異親族關係。

This essay employs black feminist theory to analyze how Octavia E. Butler utilizes the black speculative method to envision alternative kinships and even develop experimental humanities in her novel Wild Seed. It commences with a discussion of how slavery engenders the lurid spectacle of the flesh. My analysis delves into an examination of how (white) humanism legitimizes and universalizes itself via occluding or disavowing the interwoven intimacy between the public form of political domination and the management of black bodies, encompassing their intimate life, desire, and reproductivity. Drawing inspiration from black feminism, queer of color critique, and black posthumanism in their concerted critique of the category of the human in western modernity, this essay explores how Wild Seed ingeniously fuses together critical knowledge (in the vein of black studies) and utopian vision (instantiated by the science fiction genre). While decolonizing the hierarchical codifications implicit in the Western category of Man/Human, Wild Seed summons racialized lines of flight that blossom into a posthuman ethics and a constantly-evolving cohabitation of oddkins.