膀胱癌病人接受治療導致下泌尿道症狀臨床評估及護理處置

Clinical Evaluation and Nursing Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Bladder Cancer Patients

膀胱癌病人接受膀胱腫瘤刮除、切除、化學治療或免疫治療會引起下泌尿道症狀，下泌尿道症狀包括：膀胱周邊的疼痛、頻尿、急尿、排尿時疼痛或灼熱等，會影響病人的身體功能、角色功能、社會功能、情感功能及性功能等層面，進而干擾日常生活導致生活品質下降。本文主要目的為探討膀胱癌病人接受治療引起下泌尿道症狀之定義、病理機轉、導因、評估工具、醫療處置及護理照護。常見下泌尿道症狀評估工具，客觀評估為常見不良事件評價標準5.0版，主觀評估包括：國際攝護腺症狀評分表及核心下泌尿道症狀評分表，希望藉此能提升健康照護提供者評估膀胱癌病人下泌尿道症狀，改善病人生活品質。

Bladder cancer patients undergoing transurethral resection, intravesical chemotherapy, and immunochemotherapy may experience a range of lower urinary tract symptoms. These symptoms cause discomfort around the bladder area, increased frequency of urination, a sense of urgency, and pain or a burning sensation during urination. These symptoms significantly impact a patient's life, including physical well-being, role fulfillment, social interactions, emotional health, and even sexual function, leading to a decline in overall quality of life. The article includes defining the condition, understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms, exploring potential causes, assessing tools for evaluation, and outlining medical management and nursing care strategies. Key assessment tools include: 1. Objective Assessment: The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 5.0v (CTCAE), and 2. Subjective Assessments: These comprise the International Prostate Symptom Score Scale (IPSS) and the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS). This article aims to enhance the ability of healthcare providers to assess lower urinary tract symptoms in bladder cancer patients to enhance the quality of life for these patients.