平面圖像創作相似度比例的判別與探討研究

A Study on the Discrimination and Discussion of the Similarity Proportion of Graphic Images Creation

在智慧財產權的侵權糾紛（俗稱『抄襲』）中，圖像侵權是占比頗重的項目。在法律規範中智財權侵權行為有其明確規範，必須要符合二個要件，「一要證明他人有『接觸』自己的著作，二是他人的著作與自己的著作構成『實質相似』」。所謂「實質近似」，須綜合「質」與「量」兩方面考量判斷。「著作間是否近似，應以一般理性閱聽大眾之反應或印象為判定基準，無非由具備專業知識經驗人士以鑑定方法判斷之必要」。
本研究採用美術著作「圖像比對法」，算出兩張圖外部輪廓互相重疊的點數，然後以副圖基數除以原圖基數得出百分比，從而算出兩圖的相似率。每位參與者彼此之間不能互相觀看討論。最後就創作圖像做線條分析。本研究的圖像題目為「金魚」與「蝴蝶」，對參與者沒有任何說明與暗示，藉此保持參與者創作時的獨立思維。總共收集總樣本數為：金魚圖140張，蝴蝶圖152張。
本研究結果並不提供智財權中圖像侵權的判準依據，僅在揭示兩個不同創作個體於產生同一主題的作品時，如果在沒有任何實質與虛擬接觸的情況下，其圖像之相似度的比例，同時以創作者的角度提供觀者圖像差異的比較基準與可能產生的狀態。目的在提供設計教學時，讓學習者有更深刻的創作理解，免蹈智財權侵權陷阱。

Among intellectual property infringement disputes (commonly known as ''plagiarism''), image infringement accounts for a large proportion. Intellectual property rights infringements have clear legal regulations and must meet two requirements: ''Firstly, it must be proven that others have ''access'' to one's own work, and secondly, the work must be ''substantially similar.'' The ''substantial similarity'' must be judged by considering both ''qualitative'' and ''quantitative'' aspects. ''Whether works are similar should be judged on the reactions or impressions of the general rational reading public, not necessarily for professionals.'' This study uses ''Image Comparison Method'' to calculate the number of points where the outer contours of the two pictures overlap each other, and then divides the base of the second picture by the base of the original picture, thereby obtaining the similarity ratio of the two pictures. Participants cannot watch or discuss with each other. Finally, it performs line analysis on the created images. The titles of creation are ''Goldfish'' and ''Butterfly''. There are no instructions nor hints, so as to maintain independent thinking of the participants. The total number of samples collected is 140 goldfish and 157 butterfly. This study does not intend to provide creteria for determining image infringement. It is intended only to reveal how similar the images by two different individuals could be when they create works with the same theme without any physical or virtual contact. The purpose is to provide reference for design teaching so that learners can have a deeper understanding of creation process and then avoid the trap of intellectual property infringements.