以詩證禪：仁山寂震〈廣寒山詩〉揭顯之三峰宗風

Sanfeng Lineage’s Thought Manifested in Renshan Jizhen’s“Expanded Hanshan Poetry”

晚明臨濟宗門內擬作寒山詩者如天隱圓修、密雲圓悟，清初重和寒山、拾得、豐干三聖詩集者如石樹濟岳、福慧野竹，寂震透過「廣」寒山詩而「以詩證禪」，透過詩作展現的禪學思想以及他對僧人作詩的觀點，毋寧是研究清初禪僧、詩僧不可或缺的一隅。本文考察清初三峰派仁山（言尗）（寂）震（1631-1697，下書「寂震」）新出文獻中的〈廣寒山詩〉，並提出以下發現：一、《仁叟禪師華頂別集》刻本殘卷（卷3）所錄〈廣寒山詩〉，為寂震於康熙30年（1691）7月在天台川上所作，以33首寒山原詩為首句「廣」為264首，有別於其他清初禪僧「和」的方式。二、寂震以詩證禪，視寒山詩為開發性靈、直指道奧的工具，其自我定位是禪僧而非詩僧。三、〈廣寒山詩〉藉由8首新詩「廣」一首寒山原詩，就直指、話頭、公案、禪坐、正見等予以闡明，並針對農商百姓、儒生、耽于坐禪者、狂禪者的執著分別規勸，以深入淺出的引導協助大眾容受禪學進而體證轉化。四、〈廣寒山詩〉的整體架構自然呈現寂震之禪風，從無可說示的空性中依學人根機利鈍而有種種方便，既有直指心性，亦以棒喝截斷思維，也有著婆心禪的綱宗、語句、經教方便，揭示直截與方便雙放雙收、即妄證真的三峰禪學體系。

From late Ming to early Qing dynasty, Hanshan poetry was broadly disseminated in Chan Buddhism. This paper researches Renshan Jizhen’s (仁山寂震, 1631-1697)“Expanded Hanshan Poetry”(Guang-Hanshan-Shih 廣寒山詩) and explores his clarification on Sanfeng lineage’s thought in it as well as his attitude towards monk’s poems.“Expanded Hanshan Poetry”was written at Chuanshang of Tiantai (天台川上) in 1691 and compiled in Renshan Jizhen’s latest discovered work Rensou-Chanshih-Huading-Bieji (仁叟禪師華頂別 集). Unlike other Linji masters at the same time such as Shihshu-Jiyue (石樹濟岳) and Fuhuei-Yezhu (福慧野竹, 1623-?), who imitated Hanshan poetry, Renshan Jizhen tried to expand one original eight-line Hanshan poem to eight new poems by using each line of the original as the first line of new ones. Thus, he clarified Chan practices, including directly pointing to a person’s mind, beating-and-shouting, Hua-Tou ( 話頭), sitting meditation, principles of Chan, scripture-teaching, etc. Throug“Expanded Hanshan Poetry”, Renshan Jizhen manifested Sanfeng Lineage’s thought of transmitting both the Buddha mind and the Dharma based on Prajna. Furthermore, he clearly expressed that a poet-monk should use poems as a tool of transmitting the Dharma.