中日王昭君傳說中的民俗描寫

Folklore Description in the Legend of Wang Zhaojun

王昭君是為了和番出嫁匈奴國的漢代悲劇宮女。她的愛國精神，反映了華夷觀念。特别匈奴族的「夫死嫁子」的習俗，對漢族來相當野蠻的行為，所以野史說昭君不接受，服毒而死。這些描寫影響到後來的民間文學，例擧漢匈兩國的民俗差異，描寫漢族王昭君不適應匈奴生活環境的強烈苦惱。王昭君故事傳到日本，也是同樣的民俗描寫。還有把王昭君比喻遊女的民俗描寫特點。此論文具體探討中日歷代王昭君故事中的民俗描寫。

Wang Zhaojun was a palace maid in the Han Dynasty who was waiting for the imperial edict. The Han nationality is a farming nationality, which is not easy to adapt to the nomadic life of the Huns. Cai Wenji（蔡文姬）, the later Han Dynasty, also showed similar feelings of not adapting to the environment as Wang Zhaojun. The Han nationality also has the Confucian culture, which attaches great importance to women's chastity. The marriage custom of ''husband dies and marries son'' of the Hun nationality is quite barbaric to the Han nationality, so unofficial history or legends does not recognize the historical records, saying that Zhaojun refused to accept the marriage custom of the Hun, and took poison to die, or admits the historical records, saying that Zhaojun did not keep the chastity, and then married her son. In Qin Cao（琴操）by Cai Yong（蔡邕）, the later Han Dynasty, it is said that Zhaojun, singing with open mind and homesickness, would not marry his son, took poison to commit suicide and buried in the Green Tomb after her death. Shi Chong （石崇），Jin Dynasty，in The preface and Wang Mingjun's Ci（王明君詞一首並 序）says that she was humiliated by the Hun's father and son, but she was not easy to commit suicide, and she could not escape from the different species of Hun kingdom by riding in the“flying goose”, and finally became a flower in the“dung soil”. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhaojun was criticized for marrying the Hun father and son. Later, folklore and unofficial history or legends, such as the differences in culture and environment of the Huns, described Wang Zhaojun's inability to adapt to the environment and her desire to return home early, but she endured the spirit of the victims of harsh environment. As The master of snow woodcutter（雪樵主 人）, The legend of two Phoenix（雙鳳奇緣傳）, says:“a group of sheep, the wind blows, it's smelling blood.”Gaoqiang（高腔）The drama of the green tomb Zhao Jun（青塚記・昭君）says：“ The empress hates you smells bloody.”''Manchu storytelling（子弟書）The new Zhaojun（新昭君）says：“ Hun young girls and Hun old women are my companions, and the fecal gas stinks all over the body.”The book of songs in Southern Fujian（閩南歌仔册）, All songs of Zhaojun married with Hun（昭君和番全歌） says：“ Hun men are like ghost, Hun old women are not beautiful.”Japanese Tang mirror（唐鏡）（the second half of the 13th century） also says:“terrible barbarians.”The illustration of Noh Zhaojun （the first half of the 15th century） depicts the beauty of Wang Zhaojun's dead and the ugliness of Huhanye's dead. Ozaki Koyo's novel Yamato Shoukun （1889）, depicts the ugliness of Hun followers. In addition, Wang Zhaojun has the beautiful appearance of“overturning the country and the city”（傾國傾城）. In Japan,“overturning the city”means that you are the prostitute. Wang Zhaojun is compared to this prostitute. The story of the rise and fall of Yuanping （源平盛衰記） says:“there is the ‘Shirabyoshi（白拍 子）’，Mrs.Yu（虞氏）, Yang Guifei（楊貴妃）, Wang Zhaojun（王昭君）, etc. ”The short song（小歌）Beautiful Yangjun song collection（美楊君歌集）compares Wang Zhaojun to the Young Willow（小柳）, a prostitute in the Yamashiro Country （山城國）Fushimi Village（伏見之里）brothel（遊郭）.“ Ukiyo painting”has the picture of“Mitate”Wang Zhaojun, which means ''comparison'', and“Mitate”Wang Zhaojun is a Japanese prostitute. This paper discusses the description of folk customs in Wang Zhaojun's stories.