敦煌變文與圖像父母恩重經變中的生育禮俗

Customs of the Fertility in Dun Huanug Bianwen and Pictures“The Profound Kindness of Parents”

父母恩重經變就是把《父母恩重經》轉變為通俗的語言文字及具體的圖像，如《父母恩重經講經文》及莫高窟壁畫、藏經洞所出之絹畫。以傳播為目的父母恩重經變，為了使民眾深刻的體會父母親的恩德，便以通俗的語言、具體的圖像敘事、描繪母親懷胎、生產、養育等情節，如懷胎之艱辛苦楚，臨產之憂懼恐怖，產後之撫育呵護，弱冠及筓等。此外，為了使情節更加世俗化，父母恩重經變時而出現母親生產時，孩童出生、成長等各個階段的禮儀及習俗，如懷孕期間的禁忌、生產情形、洗三、滿月、成年禮等，這些民俗為人民的共同記憶，往往隨著時間、空間而產生些許的差異，藉由《父母恩重經》的變文及圖像的敘述、描繪，進而了解在敦煌地區所呈現的生育禮俗。

“The Profound Kindness of Parents”was transformed into ‘Re-Fu Muen Sutra’ by language and photography, such as Parents Are Heavy, Difficult to Quote and the silk paintings of Mogao Grottoes and Sutra cave. ‘Re-Fu Muen Sutra’ is from popular language, specific image narrative, depicting the mother pregnant, labor, raising and other circumstances, such as pregnant hardships, labor fear of terror, postpartum tending care, weak crown and so on, so as to experience the profound feelings of parents in the purpose of communication. Besides making the plot more secular, there were occasionally mother production, the childbirth, growth and other stages of the rituals and customs, such as contraindications during pregnancy, production situation, wash three and full moon in the ‘Re-Fu Muen Sutra’. These folk times have a slight difference over time and space, even for the common memory of the people. By describing and depicting the Dun Huang Bianwen of“The Profound Kindness of Parents”, we can come to understand customs of the fertility in presented in the Dun Huang area.