論錢謙益《列朝詩集小傳》之批評立場

Standpoint of Qian on his ''Biographies of Ming Dynasty Poets''

錢謙益《列朝詩集小傳》為其所著《列朝詩集》的詩人小傳，此書自清初以來，便對明詩研究者具有極大的影響力。本文由錢謙益的出身履歷，深入觀察，再以該書的言論為證據，証述錢謙益撰寫此書時，採取了兩個批評立場，一為恢復館閣文權之立場，一為維護吳中傳統之立場，全書旨在發揚館閣詞林與吳中文壇之盛事，並抨擊侵害這兩大立場的人與事。本文也針對一些特定的爭議人物，依據其個人詩文集所提供的情資，予以仲裁，指出《列朝詩集小傳》的評論常因上述二大立場而陷於不客觀。本文的目的，就是讓後來運用這本書的人，能更正確地判讀錢謙益的言論。

Biographies on Ming Dynasty Poets(列朝詩集小傳)by Qian Qian-Yi is a collection of biographies on his other book ''Ming Dynasty Poems''(列朝詩集). These two books has been the most influential ones on the study of Ming Poems in Ching Dynasty. We took an in-depth look at the ''Biographies on Ming Dynasty Poets''(列朝詩集小傳). Using the details described in this book, we analyze the standpoint of Qian. We found that he took two standpoints to criticize the Ming poets. First, he strongly insisted the Classic Style and secondly, he defended the Wu Province poets relentlessly. The book clearly criticized and ridiculed those who had taken the other viewpoint. Qian puts his judgment on many scholars while doing their biographies. The book ''Biographies on Ming Dynasty Poets''(列朝詩集小傳) hence cannot be considered to be totally objective. The purpose of our study is to point out the standpoints this book has took, and remind its users in the future to be careful on Qian's biased viewpoint.