「兩拍」素材、敘事技巧之探討

Discussion on ''Two Shots'' Materials and Narrative Techniques

「三言」其中絕大多數原為宋元明話本，馮夢龍只是對它們做了選擇、加工和改編的工作，「三言」只能算是舊時話本的匯編總集。「兩拍」的情況剛好相反，論數量雖不足「三言」的三分之二，但絕大多數都出自凌濛初的獨立創作。雖大都可以找出素材來源（至少有六十二篇），這些素材到凌濛初手裡，無不經過重新結構，自出機杼。
凌濛初帶動下，文人才大量寫作白話短篇小說集，蔚為風氣。以反映嘉靖以後的社會生活的篇章較多，經過凌濛初的獨創，不但題材出現以往白話短篇小說中不曾表現過的新東西，且寫舊故事，往往注入時代新思想、新精神，在舊瓶裝了新佳釀。敘事技巧上有不同於以往話本小說的體制，凌濛初又如何創作出不同於馮夢龍在擬話本小說上的獨特藝術特色呢？

Most of the ''Three Characters'' were originally scripts from Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties. Feng Menglong only selected, processed and adapted them. ''Three Characters'' can only be regarded as a compilation of old scripts. The situation of ''Two Beats'' is just the opposite. Although the number is less than two-thirds of ''Three Words'', most of them are Ling Shuchu's independent creations. Although the sources of most of the materials can be found (at least sixty-two articles), these materials have all been restructured and come out of their own accord in Ling Shuchu's hands.
Under the leadership of Ling Shuchu, literati wrote a large number of vernacular short story collections, which became a trend. There are many chapters reflecting the social life after Jiajing. Through Ling Shuchu's original creation, not only the themes appear new things that have never been expressed in previous vernacular short stories, but also old stories are written, often injecting new ideas and new spirits of the times. New wines are bottled. The narrative technique is different from the structure of previous story-telling novels. How does Ling Shuchu create unique artistic features that are different from Feng Menglong's story-telling novels?