《安南國譯語》所反映的近代漢語聲母現象

Phenomena Concerning the Initial System in Early Mandarin as Reflected in Annanguo Yiyu

本文檢視《安南國譯語》漢語聲母與越南語的對應關係，發現許多與現代北京官話相近的音韻演變，包括：n-、l-不混，疑、微母與影母合併為零聲母，牙喉音開口二等字聲母出現顎化，知照莊合流對捲舌音、精母不對捲舌音等。本文也發現，許多不一致的音韻對應關係反映了編者的注音行為，編者的語感不像漢人，反而更貼近越南人。與此同時，《安南國譯語》記錄了越南語聲母的演變軌跡，保留了更豐富的複輔音形式，並反映現代越南語d-、gi-、ph-等聲母早期的音值，這些現象甚或未見於十七世紀《越葡拉詞典》。

This article examines the phonological correspondences of the initial system between early Mandarin Chinese and Vietnamese as reflected in Annanguo yiyu安南國譯語. It is discovered that the phenomena are markedly close to Standard Mandarin, or putonghua普通話, including the Mandarin initial *n- being distinguished from *l-; the Middle Chinese initials yi疑and wei微disappearing and merging into a zero initial; velar and glottal initials before open second-division finals showing velarization; and the initial serials zhi知, zhao照, and zhuang莊being merged to transcribe retroflex initials, while the initial serial jing精never being used to transcribe retroflex initials. In addition, many inconsistent correspondences reflect the editor’s preference regarding phonetic notation, a linguistic intuition not of a Han Chinese person, but rather of a Vietnamese individual. Finally, Annanguo yiyu records the evolution of Vietnamese initials, preserving abundant traces of consonant clusters and reflecting the early phonetic value of the contemporary Vietnamese initials d-, gi-, and ph-, phenomena of which cannot be seen in Dictionarivm Annnamiticvm Lvsitanvm, et Latinvm produced in the seventeenth century.