黃侃《爾雅音訓》「一語」術語及其轉注與同源詞理論探討

The Term“Yiyu”一語in Huang Kan’s Erya yinxun and His Theories on Mutual Explanatories and Cognates

本論文旨在探討黃侃《爾雅音訓》「一語」術語之涵義，適用範圍及其優缺點，並兼論與此一術語息息相關的轉注與同源詞。全文共分五節，除前言及結論外，主體部分共分三節：（一）分析《爾雅音訓》「一語」術語23個例證，發現講轉注者9次，講同源詞者18次，兩種重疊率高達9次，可見兩者關係密切，但又不完全相同，值得進一步深入探討。（二）鳥瞰歷代轉注與同源詞研究史，發現章炳麟的〈轉注假借〉、《文始》都具有關鍵性地位，黃侃除了秉承師，又有所發揚光大，本身有很好的成就，尤其將轉注應用到《爾雅》的研究上更是一種創舉。其《手批爾雅義疏》鉤稽出390組同源詞，足見在同源詞研究上，黃氏頗有貢獻。本論文根據章黃之，再參考現當代學者的法，比較轉注與同源詞相同之處10點，相異之處9點，得出兩者關係密切，但不完全相同，如何判斷須個別考辨的小結。（三）黃侃的「一語」術語雖然有含意豐富、界定周延、用詞精簡等優點，但也有間接表達、推廣不足、模稜兩可等缺點。這也是一般訓詁術語所常面臨的問題，值得進一步深思。

The present paper aims to discuss the meaning and scope of the application of the term“yiyu”一語and its advantages and disadvantages in Huang Kan’s黃侃(1886-1935) Erya yinxun爾雅音訓(Interpretation through Sound in Erya), as well as the mutual explanatories and cognates closely related to this term. The paper is divided into five sections, with the main text—in addition to the introduction and conclusion—comprising three: (1) An analysis of twenty-three examples of“yiyu”finds that there are nine instances of mutual explanatories and eighteen of cognates; the overlap rate of the two is as high as nine instances, which shows that the two are closely related yet not completely the same, a phenomenon worthy of further exploration. (2) Through a broader view of the history on research of mutual explanatories and cognates in past dynasties, this study indicates that Zhang Binglin’s章炳麟(1869-1936) writings“Zhuanzhu jiajie shuo”轉注假借說(“Treatise on Mutual Explanatories and Phonetic Loans”) and Wen shi文始(The Origin of Writing) both have a key position. But beyond carrying on and developing his master’s teachings, Huang was able to realize his own achievements, notably the application of mutual explanatories on the study of the dictionary Erya爾雅. In his Shoupi erya yishu手批爾雅義疏(Annotated Interpretation of Erya), 390 groups of cognates were collected, demonstrating Huang’s considerable contributions to the field. Based on the theories of Huang and Zhang as well as referencing modern and contemporary scholars, this paper compares ten points of similarity and nine of difference between mutual explanatories and cognates, concluding that each instance requires its own individual examination as the two are not entirely identical despite their relationship. (3) Although Huang Kan’s“yiyu”has the advantages of rich meanings, extensive delimitations, and concise usage, it also has certain shortcomings such as being a form of indirect expression, generalization, and ambiguity. This is also a common problem faced by general terms used in the interpretations of and commentaries on the classics, a matter which deserves further consideration.