屠宰販售從業人員腕手部傷病之工作相關因子探討

Exploration of Work-Related Factors for Wrist / Hand Injuries Among Workers in the Slaughtering Industry

屠宰販售業者之上肢工作相關肌肉骨骼傷病的發生率偏高，因其工作涉及重複性任務。然而，國內缺乏此工作族群之肌肉骨骼傷病流行病學調查，故本研究目的在於調查此類工作者腕手部肌肉骨骼傷病以及相關危險因子。研究方法：本研究為橫斷性研究，304位成年豬肉屠體販售業者完成問卷調查與傷病評估，其中109位受試者接受工作現場拍攝與評估。使用關鍵指標法之手工物料作業檢核表作為人因性危害風險指標。以卡方檢定，比較有無腕手部傷病之受試者之個人基本資料、工作條件之組間差異。此外，藉由單因子變異數分析，比較不同工作種類之受試者的人因風險分數，針對風險高之工作項目與受試者工作特徵分析，完成風險矩陣圖以給予職場工作建議。研究結果：受試者自覺1年內有腕手部不適症狀的比例為46.4%。屠宰販售業者之工作相關因子包含有：「年齡40歲以上」以及「工作年資15年以上」2項。另外若以不同工作種類而言則有：「關鍵指標法手工物料作業評估2019版The Key Indicator Method for Manual Handling Operations（2019）, KIM-MHO（2019））」風險值、每日手腕動作工時、工作協調與時間分布評級、慣用手腕動作頻率」具顯著差異，且多攤拔骨與拔骨兼販售人員之風險較高，故設計風險矩陣圖以管控風險，聚焦於「每日手腕工時」與「慣用手腕動作頻率」兩項目，避免傷病則建議每日手腕工時應低於5.5小時且慣用手腕動作頻率低於每分鐘35下。研究結論：針對屠宰販售業者，除年齡跟年資，還需注意參與之工作內容，尤其多攤拔骨、拔骨兼販售人員，需減少於工作中之手腕動作時間與動作頻率以避免腕手部傷病發生。

The incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in the upper limbs of workers in the slaughtering industry is relatively high due to their involvement in repetitive tasks. However, there is a lack of epidemiological investigations on this work group domestically. The purpose of this study was to investigate work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the wrist and hand region of these workers. Method: This study was a pro-spective study that recruited 304 adult workers in the slaughtering industry. They completed questionnaires and underwent injury assessments, with 109 of them also undergoing on-sitefilming and evaluation of their work. The Key Indicator Methods - Manual Handling Operations (KIM-MHO) was used as an ergonomic risk indicator. Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences in demographic data and work-related factors between subjects with and without work-related wrist and hand injuries. One-way analysis of vari-ance compared the ergonomic risk scores of subjects with different job contents. Based on high-risk job items and subject work characteristics, a risk matrix chart was developed to provide workplace work rec-ommendations. Results: Forty-six point four percent of the subjects reported experiencing wrist/hand dis-comfort within a year. The risk factors included being aged over 40 years and having work experience of 15 years or more. Furthermore, when considering different job types, there are significant differences in KIM-MHO risk scores, daily wrist movement hours, work organization and wrist movement frequencies. Work-ers involved in bone extraction activities and meat sales between bone extraction units may have a higher risk. To manage these risks, a risk matrix chart is designed, specifying that for ''daily wrist movement hours '' and '' wrist movement frequencies,'' daily wrist movement hours should be less than 5.5 hours, and the wrist movement frequencies should be less than 35 per minute. Conclusion: For workers in the slaughter-ing industry, attention should be given to the age and years of experience. Particularly, individuals engaged in multiple bone-related tasks and those involved in both bone removal and selling should reduce the dura-tion and frequency of wrist movements during work to prevent wrist and hand injuries.