另「眼」相待：泰國輸華新鮮龍眼貿易不對稱關係的形成與治理

Looking in the other ''eyes'': Asymmetric relations in Sino-Thai fresh longan Trade

新鮮龍眼是泰國銷往中國的重要農產品之一，以南奔及清邁兩府為主要產地，出口數量和價值穩占鰲頭，對於泰北農民的生計影響重大。「一帶一路」激勵下，大量中國商人湧入泰國投資，龍眼產業的市場形態及從業人員生計深受影響。本文分析中國商人打入泰國輸華新鮮龍眼產業市場的過程中，如何與當地商家及果農建立起不對稱的權力關係且從中牟利。透過田野調查及訪談研究，我將揭示中泰新鮮龍眼貿易市場的發展及分工分潤模式，從而提出分析與政策建議。本文指出，中國商人以合併、協議等整合經營等方式，逐步整合上下游業務，同時投資龍眼包裝廠，操控龍眼收購價格，最終反客為主，宰制輸華龍眼產銷。對此，泰國有關部門有必要正視當地業者所因不對稱權力關係所損失的權益。可行的方式包括：加強落實《外人商業法》及《反競爭法》的相關規定，管制外商以人頭方式開設企業，遏制外來資本強勢擴張對泰國農業發展所造成的不利影響。

Fresh longan is famous agricultural goods of Thailand, which mainly exported to China. Mainly from Lamphun and Chiangmai are area, the volume and value are both impressive. Driven by the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI), many Chinese merchants actively invested longan industry in those two provinces. Their business behaviors immensely affect local Thai people. The major concern of this paper that Chinese merchant how to create asymmetrical relation with local merchants and reshaping market situation of Thai longan export to China. Through fieldwork and interview research, I will reveal the development and division of labor and profit-sharing models of the Sino-Thailand fresh longan trade industry, and then proposed theory and policy analysis. The article points out that Chinese businessmen have gradually integrated upstream and downstream businesses through mergers, agreements and other integrated operations. They have also invested in local longan packaging plants, manipulated longan purchase prices, and ultimately turned against customers, dominating the production and sales of longan exported to China. In this regard, it is necessary for relevant Thai authorities to face up to protect the benefits of local businesses due to asymmetric power relations. Possible ways include: strengthening the implementation of the relevant provisions of the ''Foreign Business Law'' and the ''Anti-Competition Law'', controlling the establishment of enterprises by foreign investors on a per-capita basis, and curbing the adverse impact of the strong expansion of foreign capital on Thailand's agricultural development.