越南儒者「太極」觀之研究

A Study of Vietnamese Confucian Scholars' Perspective of“Taiji”Philosophy

《周易》很早就與其他儒家經典傳到了越南。除了對經傳進行解釋之外，越南儒者也著重對易學的基本課題進行論析，其中最為典型的是「太極」。在現存的漢喃文獻的基礎上，本文對十五世紀至二十世紀初間越南儒者「太極」觀的演變進行深入分析。研究結果表示，雖然深受宋明理學，尤其是《周易大全》和《性理大全》的影響，越南儒者對「太極」有著不同的觀點。值得注意的是，黎貴惇（1726-1784）、黎文敔（1860-1934）等儒者不但表達了觀點，而且還提出了新鮮的見解，以便發揮經義和體現其所得。

The Yijing, along with other Confucian classics, was introduced to Vietnam from early on in history. Besides annotation works, Vietnamese scholars focused on thematical studies, including those of Taiji philosophy. Using Chinese materials written by Vietnamese scholars dating to the period between the 15th and the early 20th centuries, this article examines the changes of Vietnamese scholars’perspective of Taiji philosophy. The study shows that, while Vietnamese Confucian scholarship was heavily influenced by Song and Ming Neo-Confucianism, especially by ideas in the works like Zhouyi daquan and Xingli daquan, it presented some distinct characteristics regarding Taiji philosophy. Scholars like Le Quy Don (1726-1784) and Le Van Ngu (1860-1934) not only presented their own analytic frameworks but also offered new interpretations.