東南亞籍新住民受暴婦女在台灣的動態交織困境

The Dynamics of Intersectional Predicaments among Southeast Asian Marriage Migrants with Intimate Partner Violence Experiences in Taiwan

本研究以交織性理論，檢視東南亞籍新住民受暴婦女在性別、國族與階級身分交織下遷移來台後的交織處境，並探究交織身分對東南亞籍新住民受暴婦女的影響力在動態遷移歷程中的消長與變化。本研究深度訪談五位東南亞籍新住民受暴婦女，分別位於北部、南部與東部；原國籍別涵蓋越南、印尼與菲律賓。本研究結果發現：新住民受暴婦女的交織身分影響力隨著遷移時間推進具有動態消長的特性，此動態消長的影響力形塑新住民婦女在不同受暴階段差異化的困境。首先，新住民受暴婦女於移民初期面臨性別與國族交織下的女性移民處境，然受訪者皆努力在既有限制下展現能動性以維持家庭工作平衡；其次，隨著暴力愈趨嚴峻，新住民婦女掙扎於國族與階級弱勢身分下的選擇限制，而擁有國族與階級優勢的受訪者能在更短的時間離開暴力關係；最後，走出暴力關係的受訪者仍受制於階級身分決定其在台灣的生活狀況。交織身分影響力動態消長性與變化呈現隨著遷移時間推進、母國經濟成長與公民權取得，性別與國族身分弱勢處境影響力相較階級減弱，階級身分成為能否於受暴後穩定生活的關鍵。以此，建議助人工作者須更細緻辨識新住民受暴婦女階段性的交織處境給予適切服務，更以社會正義角度含納反壓迫與解放取徑工作方法讓受暴新住民婦女集體培力發聲；政策層面應著墨於促進新住民階級流動的政策規劃，才是長遠協助受暴的新住民婦女立足台灣的因應之道。

This study applies intersectionality as an analytical framework to examine how gender, nationality, and class shape Southeast Asian marriage migrants’situations when suffering from intimate partner violence (IPV) and what predicaments they may face. In-depth interviews were conducted with five marriage migrants from Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines, located in northern, southern, and eastern Taiwan. The research findings reveal that the dynamic of intersectional identities of Southeast Asian marriage migrants change over time and pose different degrees of influence at various stages, leading to diverse challenges.
First, female marriage migrants were interested in gender and national identity at the initial migration stage. Despite the existing constraints, these marriage migrants represent their agency by seeking a balance between their family and work under violent relationships. Second, with the severe violence, they struggled with restrictions imposed by their disadvantaged nationality and class identities. In contrast, those with advantages in nationality and class can escape violent relationships more quickly. Lastly, those who have escaped IPV still grapple with the impact of their class identity, which is critical for achieving stable lives in Taiwan. The dynamics of intersectional identities changes over time, influenced by factors such as migration duration, economic growth in their home countries, and obtaining citizenship. Consequently, the influence of gender and nationality identities is weaker compared to class identity, which becomes a critical factor in their ability to stabilize their lives after experiencing IPV.
Based on these findings, this study suggests that social workers carefully identify the evolving oppressive situations at different stages for marriage migrants. They should provide appropriate services while integrating an anti-oppressive and liberation approach, empowering these women to voice their experiences collectively from a social justice standpoint. At the policy level, emphasis should be placed on designing policies that promote class mobility among immigrants, offering a long-term solution to help abused marriage migrants establish stable lives in Taiwan.