反壟斷民事檢察公益訴訟制度的解釋論

The Legal Interpretation of the Anti-Monopoly Civil Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation

2022 年新修改的《反壟斷法》首次引入民事檢察公益訴訟制度。在《反壟斷法》僅原則性規定該制度的情形下，民事檢察公益訴訟制度在反壟斷領域的適用面臨諸多問題，有必要對其制度功能及具體實施規則進行解釋論展開，從而反哺反壟斷民事檢察公益訴訟司法實踐。站在解釋論的視角看，反壟斷民事檢察公益訴訟制度既是為了解決壟斷行為造成的公共利益損害問題，亦是為了回應傳統反壟斷法實施困境的有效措施。反壟斷民事檢察公益訴訟的受案範圍應當堅持“公共利益” 標準，並對壟斷行為造成的競爭損害和社會公共利益損害之間的關係進行解釋與澄清。在反壟斷民事檢察公益訴訟中，檢察機關可以探索適用行為保全措施、恢復原狀、懲罰性賠償、檢察建議等多種形式的法律措施，從而與傳統反壟斷公共執行及私人執行之間形成體系協調，共同實現反壟斷法的立法目標。

The newly amended Anti-Monopoly Law in 2022 introduced the system of civil procuratorial public interest litigation for the first time. In view of the fact that the Anti-Monopoly Law only provides a general provision for this system, there are some problems in its application. It is thus necessary to interpret the system function and specific implementation rules of the civil procuratorial public interest litigation so as to feed back for the judicial practice. From the perspective of legal interpretation, antimonopoly civil procuratorial public interest litigation is not only to compensate for the public interest damage caused by monopolistic conduct, but also an effective measure to solve the difficulties faced by the traditional implementation of Anti-Monopoly Law. When determining the scope of case acccecptance in anti-monopoly civil procuratorial public interest litigation, it is essential to adhere to the standard of public interest, and to clarify the relationship between antitrust harm caused by monopolistic conduct and social public interest damage. In the anti-monopoly civil procuratorial public interest litigation, the procuratorate can explore the application of litigation injunctions, restitution, punitive damages, procuratorial advice and other forms of litigation measures, so as to form a system coordination with the traditional anti-monopoly public and private measures, and jointly achieve legislative goals of the Anti-Monopoly Law.