論經濟法中的國家主體

On the State Subject in Economic Law

經濟法中的國家主體，具有不同於政府等主體的特殊性。基於經濟憲法和經濟法的相關規定，國家主體在經濟法中具有獨立地位，其經濟職能的履行和經濟職權的行使，應受經濟憲法和經濟法的約束，以體現國家理性的要求。此外，經濟法中的國家主體在總體上是“現代國家”“經濟國家”，並在經濟法的各個部門法中具體體現為預算國家、稅收國家、債務國家、規制國家等多種國家形態。研究經濟法中的國家主體，應結合國家目的或國家目標、國家任務、國家職能、國家理性或國家理由等影響因素，分析具體的國家形態，由此有助於審視法律規定背後的法治原理和法治問題，揭示經濟法制度中國家主體存續和發展的內在邏輯，並在法治框架下解決國家調製行為的合憲性、合法性問題，切實保障市場主體的合法權益。依循上述研究路徑，有助於提煉經濟法中的國家理論或國家主體理論，深化經濟法學主體理論乃至整體總論的研究，推動經濟法治和國家治理體系的完善。

The state subjects in economic law have special characteristics that are different from those of the government and other subjects. Based on the relevant provisions of economic constitution and economic laws, the state subjects have independent status, and the performance of their economic functions and the exercise of economic authorities should be subject to economic constitution and economic laws, so as to reflect the rational requirements of the state. In addition, the state subjects in economic law are“modern state”and“economic state”on the whole, which are embodied as budget state, tax state, debt state, regulation state and so on. To study the state subjects in economic law, it is necessary to analyze the specific state form by combining the influence factors such as the state purpose or goal, the state task, the state function, the state rationality or the state reason, which is helpful to examine the rule of law principle and the rule of law problem behind the legal provisions and reveal the internal logic of the survival and development of the state subjects in the economic law system. Under the framework of the rule of law, the constitutionality and legality of the state modulation behavior are solved, and the legitimate rights and interests of market players are effectively protected. Following the above research path, it is helpful to refine the state theory or state subject theory of economic law, deepen the research of the subject theory and even the overall general theory of economic law, and promote the improvement of economic rule of law and national governance system.