法律行為規範對身份行為的有限適用

Limited Application of Legal Act Norms to Status Acts

身份行為的構造依託於以意思表示為要素的抽象法律行為框架，不能以事實先在性架空意思自治。即使家庭法沒有明確規定，身份行為也存在成立和效力的判斷問題。根據純粹身份行為和身份財產行為的區分概括描述適用模式的意義有限，即使是身份財產行為，也不能當然適用法律行為規範，而必須結合具體行為的性質以及所涉法律行為規範之利益狀態進行個別化檢視。在具體的規範適用檢視中，應當首先考慮立法者的法政策決斷，然後再考慮不同身份行為的本質。限制法律行為規範的適用往往意味著對當事人意思自治的限制，其背後往往存在維護身份關係安定性及公共利益的特殊考量。

The construction of status acts relies on the framework of abstract legal acts centered on the declaration of will, and the so-called factual priority cannot be used to override the autonomy of will. Even in the absence of explicit provisions in family law, there are issues regarding the formation and validity of status acts. The generalized description of the application model based on the distinction between pure status acts and status-property acts is of limited significance. Even for status-property acts, legal act norm cannot be applied ipso facto, but must be examined individually, taking into account the nature of specific act and the state of interests of the legal act norms involved. In the specific examination of norm application, the legislative policy decisions should be considered first, and then the essential nature of different status acts. Restricting the application of legal act norms often implies limiting the autonomy of the parties, behind which there are often special considerations of maintaining the stability of family relations and the public interests of society.