符號學視角下作品認定的方法論研究

Methodology of the Recognition of Works from the Perspective of Semiotics

著作權法對作品的認定主要依據思想/表達二分法和獨創性規則。在司法實踐中，法官對作品認定規則的適用存在隨意性。這是因為，在認識作品方面，現有規則所依據的浪漫主義方法論和新批評主義方法論具有侷限性。完善作品認定規則，需要方法論層面的探索。相較於現有方法論，符號學方法論對思想與表達之間關係的認識更加系統、全面，對作品的認識不侷限於表達文本，而是關注社會語境對作品意義的影響。根據這一理論，受著作權法保護的作品應同時包含“社會性”和“個別性”兩個方面。作品中不同於思想的表達和獨創性內容都存在於個別性方面，作品表達不能等同於社會共同認識，而且作品思想應體現作者對社會共同認識的個性化解釋。社會共同認識是作品認定的核心。法官應該從包括文化傳統、主流價值觀在內的更廣泛的語境出發理解社會共同認識。

The requirements of copyright law on the recognition of a work are mainly reflected in the ideal expression dichotomy and the rule of originality. In judicial practice, there is arbitrariness in the application of the rules for recognizing works by judges. This is because the existing rules based on Romanticism and New Criticism methodologies have limitations in recognizing works. Improving the recognition rules of works requires exploration at the methodological level. Compared with the existing methodology, the semiotic methodology has a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of the relationship between idea and expression, and its understanding of works is not limited to the text, but focuses on the impact of social context on the meaning of works. According to this theory, works protected by copyright law should contain both ''social'' and ''individual'' aspects. The expressions that are distinct from ideas and original contents in a work exist in its individuality, which requires not only that the expressions of the work cannot be equated with the common understanding of society, but also that the ideas of the work reflect the author's personalized interpretation of the common social understanding. The common social understanding is at the core of the recognition of a work, and judges should understand the common social understanding in a broader context, including cultural traditions and dominant values.