網絡暴力刑法規制的路徑選擇及反思，以侮辱罪的拆分為切入

網絡暴力與言論和表達有關。對網絡暴力的法律規制涉及言論自由與個人隱私、人格權益的權衡。在世界範圍內，對言論自由的保護主要有側重自由的美國模式、側重尊嚴的德國模式以及包括我國在內的大多數地方所採取的混合模式。名譽不同於榮譽，後者源于等級社會對貴族尊嚴的捍衛，進而演化為主觀名譽感的觀念，也即侮辱罪所侵犯的法益。名譽是一種具有社會評價的聲譽，它必須以真實為基礎，刑法無需保護建立在虛假事實上的偽名，否則就是在鼓勵偽善。有必要對侮辱罪進行進一步界分：暴力侮辱屬於暴行罪的範疇；誹謗性侮辱構成誹謗罪；以真實事實進行攻擊屬於侵犯公民個人信息罪的範疇；仇恨性言論與侮辱罪無關；辱駡性侮辱應通過非刑法手段處理。對於網絡暴力，權利行使可作為一項重要的出罪事由，無論是基於維護公共利益還是個人利益的權利行使，都可能阻卻犯罪成立。

Cyber violence is about speech and expression. The legal regulation of cyber violence involves the balance between freedom of speech and personal privacy and personality rights. Around the world, the protection of freedom of speech mainly includes the American model that focuses on freedom, the German model that focuses on dignity, and the mixed model adopted in most countries, including China. Reputation is different from honor. The latter originates from the defense of noble dignity in hierarchical society, and then evolves into the concept of subjective reputation, that is, the legal interests violated by the crime of insult. Reputation is a kind of reputation with social evaluation. It must be based on truth. Criminal law does not need to protect untrue reputation based on false facts, otherwise it will encourage hypocrisy. It is necessary to further distinguish the crime of insult into five different kinds: violent insults belong to the category of atrocity crimes; defamatory insults constitute the crime of defamation; attacks based on true facts belong to the crime of infringing on citizens' personal information; hate speech has nothing to do with the crime of insult; abusive insults should be dealt with through non-criminal means. Regarding cyber violence, the exercise of rights can be an important reason for committing a crime. Whether it is based on safeguarding public interests or personal interests, it may prevent the establishment of a crime.