探討影響世界技能競賽績效因素及對臺灣技職教育政策之啟示

An Exploration of Factors Affecting Performance in WorldSkills Competitions and Implications for Taiwan’s Vocational Educational Policy

本文探討在世界技能競賽中能夠獲得獎牌的國家的決定因素為何，並從四個不同的變項來探討影響競賽獎牌積分的因素。本研究對象為55國參與世界技能競賽的國家，資料採多元迴歸分析處理。本研究合併2019年度世界技能競賽得獎結果、世界銀行、聯合國開發計劃署等三個不同資料庫蒐集相關數據，有工業生產總值、研究與發展占比、人類發展指數、技職學生比例，以及2019年世界技能競賽的積分。本研究結果如下：（一）一個國家參與世界技能競賽績效（獎牌積分的高低）和該國工業生產總值呈正比；（二）一個國家參與世界技能競賽績效（獎牌積分的高低）和該國投入的研究發展經費比例呈正比；（三）一個國家參與世界技能競賽績效（獎牌積分的高低）和該國人類發展指數（生活品質綜合指標）初期呈正向關係，但到某一程度後會呈現負向關係。本研究也根據以上的研究結果提出幾點建議：（一）技術型高中是我國培養工業生產技術人才的搖籃，其群科之設置及課程內涵可參考競賽新職種與時俱進；（二）未來年輕選手的培訓應更為重視心理諮商輔導兼顧選手身心發展狀況、提升其總體生活品質；（三）盤點與未來智能化工業生產技術需求對應之技能競賽職種，調整參賽職種優先順序俾能集中資源積極培訓年輕選手，厚植工業生產技術實力。

This paper examines the determinants of countries that have won medals in WorldSkills Competitions, and examines factors that affect medal points in a competition in terms of four variables. The sample in this study consisted of 55 countries participating in WorldSkills Competitions, and data analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis. Data was gathered from three sources, namely the 2019 WorldSkills Competition results, World Bank, and The United Nations Development Programme, and this data included the value of industrial production, research and development expenditures, human development index, the proportion of vocational students, and the results of the WorldSkills Competition 2019.
The results of this study are as follows: (1) A country’s performance in WorldSkills Competitions (in terms of the number of medal points won) is positively correlated with the country’s industrial production. (2) A country’s performance in WorldSkills Competitions is positively correlated with its R&D expenditures. (3) A country's Human Development Index (a composite indicator of quality of life) has a positive correlation with its performance in WorldSkills Competitions during the initial stage, but this turns to a negative correlation after a certain point. Based on these findings, this study found several implications: Because vocational high schools are the cradles of technical talent for Taiwan’s industries, vocational high schools and the content of their curricula should be carefully revised to keep pace with Taiwan's industrial development needs. (2) Training for Taiwan’s young skills competition competitors should be strengthened by providing more psychological counseling services; these services should consider both the competitors' physical and mental development, and can enhance their overall quality of life. (3) To meet the industrial technology needs of the coming artificial intelligence age, training for WorldSkills Competitions should prioritize those types of occupational skills that can centralize resources and cultivate technical expertise for future industries.