跑壘情境對大專女子壘球選手跑壘速度之影響

Effects of baserunning situation on the baserunning speed of college female softball players

緒論：單壘跑與雙壘跑是最適合用來測驗壘球之跑壘速度的項目，而在女子快速壘球中，優異的跑壘速度與技巧可增加攻方隊伍之氣勢，也可給予守方隊伍壓力與負擔，然而其跑壘速度卻可能受到當下的情境而影響。因此，本研究目的在於比較不同情境（比賽、練習）以及擊出不同擊球結果（高飛球、滾地球）之跑壘時間差異。方法：分析一隊大專女子壘球隊員（12位）在練習與比賽時單壘跑與雙壘跑之高速影片。使用完全相依設計二因子變異數分析（two way ANOVA, paired-sample）（n = 12）比較大專女子壘球選手在不同情境下（比賽及練習）以及擊球結果（高飛球與滾地球）之間跑壘時間之差異。結果：單壘跑在不同情境與不同擊球結果具有交互作用，事後比較發現，比賽與練習時的滾地球單壘跑速度皆顯著快於高飛球（p < .001）；而比賽時的滾地球與高飛球的單壘跑速度也顯著快於練習時（p < .001），其中滾地球受到比賽情境的影響較大（速度提升幅度高於高飛球）。雙壘跑方面則只有不同擊球結果達顯著主要效果，滾地球的雙壘跑速度顯著快於高飛球（p < .001）。結論：壘球球員不論單壘或雙壘跑壘速度皆會受到不同跑壘情境而影響。球員在比賽時的單跑壘速度比練習時更快，尤其是滾地球跑壘速度受到比賽情境的影響更大；無論單、雙壘跑或比賽及練習情境，擊出滾地球後的跑壘速度皆比高飛球更快。

Introduction: Single and double base runs are the most suitable situations to test the running speed of softball players. In women’s fastpitch softball, excellent baserunning speed and skill can increase the momentum of the offensive team and put pressure on the defensive team. Baserunning speed may be affected by different situations. The purpose of the presengt study compared baserunning times between different situations (matches and practices) and hitting outcomes (fly and ground balls). Methods: High-speed videos of a team’s single and double base runs were analyzed. Twelve female college softball players were recruited for this study: six right and six left batters. Their base running times were compared between situations (match and practice) and hitting outcomes (fly ball and ground ball) using two-way repeated measures analyses of variance. Results: The single-base running speed varied depending on the situation and hitting outcome, with post-hoc comparisons revealing significant differences. Both in matches and practices, the running speed was significantly faster for ground balls than for fly balls (p < 0.001). The running speed for ground and fly balls was also significantly faster during matches than during practices (p < 0.001), with ground ball speeds showing a greater increase in matches than fly ball speeds. Regarding double-base running, only the hitting outcome had a significant main effect, with double-base running speeds significantly faster with ground balls than with fly balls (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The baserunning situation influences the speed of women’s baseball players’baserunning. Their running speeds were faster during matches than during practices, particularly for ground balls, which are more affected by the situation. Regardless of single or double-base running or match/practice situations, running speeds are faster after hitting a ground ball than a fly ball.