「你怎麼嫁到比大陸還大陸的地方？」：性別化地緣政治與臺港跨境婚姻

“Why Would You Settle in a Place That is More Backward thanMainland China?”: Gendered Geopolitics and Taiwan-Hong Kong Cross-Border Marriages

臺港婚姻在過去二十年間呈現數量穩定成長的現象。雖然兩地經濟發展並無重大差異，但在移居臺灣的香港女性婚姻移民的婚姻歷程中仍常見「上嫁／下嫁」的矛盾：在香港娘家人眼中，她們是從一個有利的地理位置（全球城市香港）搬遷到不利的地理位置（落後的臺灣）；臺灣夫家人則將香港與中國類比，認為香港來的也是陸配。本研究以43位透過婚姻移民臺灣的香港女性（簡稱「港妻」）為深度訪談對象，探討臺港社會過去數十年對跨國／跨境婚姻的文化想像，藉此釐清臺港跨境婚姻中父權、國族與資本交織產生的他者化現象。本研究發現，婚姻移民所產生的跨境家戶性別政治，是夫家、娘家以及港妻三方對女性婚姻主體的協商過程，除了涉及港妻個人感受之外，也與臺港跨境婚姻中的姻親對兩岸三地發展的看法息息相關。臺灣夫家與香港娘家分別挪用地緣政治的想像來建構其「上嫁／下嫁」的論述，從而貶抑港妻之婚嫁選擇，由此彰顯女性應恪遵婚前從父、婚後從夫的傳統性別角色。然而，港妻強調對自身婚姻遷移的滿意程度並非侷限於物質層面，而是取決於生活品質、階級品味、民主制度、田園情趣等生活方式型遷移所追求的價值。兩岸三地變動隱微的地緣政治關係，使得臺港婚姻的案例有其獨特性與重要性，促使我們批判性地看待「上嫁／下嫁」的跨國婚姻預設，並深入理解女性婚姻移民與父權家庭協商的複雜性。

The last two decades saw a steady increase in Taiwan-Hong Kong cross-border marriages. While there is no significant gap in terms of economic development between the two places, the marrying-up or marrying-down narrative remains ingrained and associated with Hong Kong female marriage migrants to Taiwan. While their Hong Kong families see the move as a“downgrade”from a favorable geographical location (Hong Kong, a global city) to an unfavorable one (Taiwan, a more“backward”place), their Taiwanese in-laws tend to put them in the same pigeonhole as“mainland spouses”. This study interviews 43 Hong Kong wives to delineate the cultural imagination of cross-border marriages in the two societies in order to look into the process of“othering”that stems from the intersection of patriarchy, nationhood and capital in such marriages. This study identifies the gender politics of these families as a tripartite negotiation--between the husband’s family, the wife’s family and the wife herself--over the marriage migrants’subjectivity, which is shaped not only by the personal feelings of these Hong Kong wives, but also is closely related to the in-laws’views on the development of Taiwan, Hong Kong and mainland China. Both Hong Kong parents and their Taiwanese in-laws have created their own marrying-up or marrying-down discourses based on their respective geopolitical imaginations, which entails an implicit assumption of women to obey their fathers before marriage and their husbands after marriage. Contrary to these assumptions, however, these Hong Kong wives often emphasize that life values such as democracy and quality of life--rather than material conditions-- are what determine their level of satisfaction with their marriage migration. The subtle shift in geopolitical relations between the three regions across Taiwan Strait have highlighted the importance of the case of Taiwan-Hong Kong marriages, which calls for a critical assessment of the presumption of hypergamy in cross-border marriages and a deeper understanding of the complexity that underlies the dialectics between female marriage migration and patriarchism.