照護無家者，照護自己：新型態無家議題工作者的實作與反思

Caring for the Homeless, Caring for Oneself: The Practices and Reflexivity of New-Type Workers for the Homeless

無家可居是當代城市中難以處理的持存問題。台灣在民主化過程中發展出無家者社會福利體制，挹注更多資源並拓展更廣服務，但仍無法解決該問題，反使無家者陷入習得性無能及再被汙名化的處境。不過，近來無家者在社會被看待及對待的方式有了明顯變化，促此改變的重要力量是一群關注無家者議題之新型態組織的工作者。本文運用照護邏輯的理論概念，以參與觀察與深度訪談的材料，揭示他們如何以嶄新方式服務無家者並促成社會變革。
運用照護邏輯的實作可容許不確定性、非單向線性的工作模式，並納入無家者及其周圍同儕，藉共同作伙修補中提升福祉。無家者在參與過程中被鼓勵發聲，這些故事用以促進社會對話並去除無家者汙名。這種運用照護邏輯的實作對工作者本身也產生了迴向效果，讓他們照護無家者的同時也照護自己。他們在實作中反思自身生命歷程及現前處境，進而改善工作職場及家庭中的關係。由此，這群工作者的照護無家者的實作，不該簡單看待為愛心、耐心的個人道德特質之體現；他們打造出的照護異托邦具備著促成社會變革的基進潛力，對照既有受新自由主義影響的社福實況下，提供我們思考服務無家者中促成社會變革及助人工作者發展的可能性。

Homelessness has been a long-lasting, hardly tackled problem in modern cities. Although a more complete and well-funded social welfare regime for serving the homeless has been gradually developed in democratizing Taiwan, the homeless problem is not solved, and more problems such as learned helplessness and re-stigmatization emerge. However, the perception of homelessness and ways of treating the homeless in Taiwan have changed recently, due to efforts of workers from several new organizations for the homeless as the major forces facilitating such transformation. This study, based on participant observation and in-depth interviews with these workers, reveals how they provide services to the homeless in the light of Annemarie Mol’s concept,“logic of care”.
As opposed to the traditional linear ways of caring that are worker-dominated, the working process adopting the logic of care involves both the homeless people themselves and these workers as fellows together in the process of shared doctoring. In the process of shared doctoring, the stories of homeless people are framed as narratives that facilitate social dialogue in public sphere. Meanwhile, through practices of caring for the homeless, these workers also in return develop ways of caring for themselves, reflecting on their own life course and current situations and endeavoring to transform relations in workplaces and families. That is to say, we should not take these practices of caring by these workers simply as actions out of their individual morality such as love and patience rather than as possibilities of self-development of themselves. In sum, such heterotopia of care these workers construct not only serve as a critique of neoliberalist social welfare system but also may have the radical potential for social transformation.