論孟郊組詩的創作意識與主題特色

A study on Meng Jiao's creative consciousness of group poems and theme features

孟郊（751－814）以其鮮明的詩歌風格與復古意識獨樹一幟，李肇《國史補》提出元和以後「詩章則學矯激於孟郊」的說法。「矯激」，是指特殊怪異且激烈高亢的文字風格，這種風格的產生，來自於創作者內在的人格精神，進而形成一種獨特的文學風格，影響當時詩風。但歷來討論孟郊詩者，雖然都注意到其苦吟高古的特質，卻較少從篇章體製角度闡發「矯激」的特色形成與表現。在與韓愈的聯句創作中，孟郊已逐漸展現獨創的修辭手法與雄驁的情感表達。稍後歷經諸多人生困頓後，組詩的選擇，是晚年孟郊表達其反覆凌亂、充滿質疑與不安之精神的最好的表現形式。在組詩結構中，孟郊把短篇中的語言密度與情感強度，有效地被言說出來。因此，孟郊的組詩也代表了對傳統抒情模式的突破與悖離。主體與社會世界、自然世界是斷裂的，也是對立的，打破傳統詩學推崇的情景交融模式。這些都可以看出孟郊組詩的創新表現，呈現了他獨創的詩藝。探究孟郊組詩創作意識與表現，可以更深入認識孟郊晚年的精神變動與詩藝變化，從而掌握其矯激詩風的根本原因。

Meng Jiao (751-814) was unique for his distinctive poetic style. However, researchers seldom noticed the formation and expression of the characteristics of ''excitement'' from the perspective of the text system. In the creation of linked verses with Han Yu, Meng Jiao has gradually shown his original rhetorical techniques and unrestrained emotional expression. After experiencing many difficulties in life later, the choice of a group of poems is the best form of expression for Meng Jiao to express his chaotic, questioning and restless spirit in his later years. In the structure of group poems, Meng Jiao effectively expresses the language density and emotional intensity in the short stories. Therefore, Meng Jiao's poems also represent a breakthrough and departure from the traditional lyric mode. The subject, including the social world and the natural world, are separated and opposed, breaking the scene blending model advocated by traditional poetics. All these can be seen the innovative expression of Meng Jiao's poems, presenting his anti-traditional poetic view. Exploring the creative consciousness and expression of Meng Jiao's group poems can help us understand Meng Jiao's spiritual changes and poetic changes in his later years, which is also the fundamental reason for the formation of his aggressive poetic style.